LO2 - AC 2.1

Question 1

What is Definition of Social Control ?

Answer 1

Social control involves persuading or forcing people to conform to the norms, laws and expectations of society. This is necessary to enable society to function smoothly

Question 2

What are internal forms of social control

Answer 2

• These controls on our behavior come from within ourselves
• They are also forms of self-control.
• These forms of control lead us to conform to the norms and rules of society as we feel it is the right thing to do

Question 3

How does Freud link to internal forms of social control ? (Psychoanalytic)

Answer 3

• Personality made up of the id,e go and superego
• Superego tells us what is right and wrong creating a feeling of guilt if we dont behave the way we should
• Superego develops in early socialisation within the fault
• When we are young we are more impulsive and can act on our id- “animal urges”
• As superego develops we have more self-control and behave in a more socially acceptable ways

Question 4

How does tradition and culture link to internal forms of social control ?

Answer 4

• The culture to which we belong becomes part of us through socialisation
• We accepts norms, values and traditions as part of our identity
• Conforming to a tradition is a way of affirming identity but also being accepted as a member of a community

Question 5

Internalisation of social rules and morality link to internal forms of social control

Answer 5

• Our superego and traditions we follow become part of our inner self or personality. Both things start as things outside of us -e.g parents rules
• Socialisation is the process by which we internalise these rules, these rules become our personal moral code

Question 6

How does rational ideology link to internal forms of social control ?

Answer 6

• Term we describe the way in which we internalise rules and use them to tell us right from wrong. Helping us to be law abiding

Question 7

What are external forms of social control ?

Answer 7

Agencies of social control are organisations and institutions that impose rules on us, they make us behave a certain way

Question 8

How does operant learning theory link to external forms of social control ?

Answer 8

Agencies of social control use;
- Negative sanctions-punishment
- Positive sanctions- rewards to impose social control
- Reinforcement- punishment discourages undesirable behaviour and reward encourages acceptable behaviour

Question 9

How does criminal justice system link to external forms of social control ?

Answer 9

• CJS contains several agents of social control
• Each of these agents has the power to use formal legal sanctions against individuals to make them conform to society’s laws
• They can also use positive sanctions/rewards

Question 10

How do the judges enforce external social control ?

Answer 10

• Can stop, search, arrest, detain and question suspects

Question 11

How do judges and magistrates enforce external social control ?

Answer 11

• Can bail the accused or demand them in custody
• Can sentence the guilty to a variety of punishments

Question 12

How do the prison services enforce external social control ?

Answer 12

• Able to detain prisoners against their will for the duration of their sentence
• Also offer further punishments for bad behaviour e.g solitary confinement

Question 13

How can the CPS enforce external social control ?

Answer 13

• Can charge suspects and prosecute them in courts

Question 14

How can coercion be used for external social control ?

Answer 14

• Involves the use of threat or force to make someone do or stop doing something
• May be physical of psychological violence
• E.g sending someone to prison
• Prevents re offending

Question 15

How does fear of punishment enforce external social control ?

Answer 15

• Dear of punishment is one way of trying to achieve social control

Question 16

How does right realism link to external forms of social control ? (Deterrence)

Answer 16

Fear acts as a deterrent-fear being caught and deprived of your freedom against you will would deter would be criminals

Question 17

What is control theory ?

Answer 17

• Most criminological theories ask why people commit crime
• Control theorists ask why people obey the law

Question 18

What is the key idea of Hirsch, Bonds to attachment

Answer 18

• People conform because they are controlled by their bonds to society.
• “Delinquent acts occur when an individuals bond to society is weak or broken”
• This bond to society has 4 element

Question 19

What is “Attachment” in terms of Hirschi

Answer 19

• The more attached we are to other the more we care about their opinion of us-we will be less likely to break the rules if we are concerned what our parents or teachers might think

Question 20

What is “Commitment” in terms of Hirschi

Answer 20

• How committed are we to conventional goals such as succeeding in education or getting a good job
• The more committed we are to a conventional lifestyle, the more we risk losing by getting involved in crime, so the more likely we are to conform

Question 21

What is ‘involvement’ in terms of Hirschi

Answer 21

• The more involved we are in conventional, law-abiding activities, like studying or participating in sport, less time we have for crime
• Youth clubs can be justified as keeping young people out of trouble by filling their Time with legal activities

Question 22

What is “Belief” in terms of Hirishi ?

Answer 22

• If we have been socialised to believe it is right to obey the law we’re likely to break it