Lo2 PT 3 + LO 3 Flashcards
Bonding (37 cards)
what atoms are oxygen made up of
Noble gases
atoms of different elements like CO2
atoms of the same element known as diatomic molecules
do noble gases bond
no, noble gases do not bond because they are already stable since they have a full outer shell
what happens to elements that have half full or full outer shells
they are more energetically stable
what do atoms of other elements need to do because they don’t have a outer shell
they have to react with other elements to gain a full outer shell
what is the only subatomic particle that’s involved in bonding
electrons
what are the diatomic molecules and where are they found
they are hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and the group 7 elements, (fluorine, iodine, chlorine, bromine)
what are dot cross diagrams used for and what do they show
they are used for covalent bonds and they show the sharing of electrons
how do all diatomic molecules form
by sharing a pair of electrons
definition of covalent bonding
force of attraction between two nuclei and the electrons they share
what does the number of electron pairs shared determine
it determines whether a single, double or triple bond is formed
some examples of compounds found in air
H2O and CO2
what are the covalent substances you need to know by heart
NH3 = ammonia, CH4 = methane
why are some substances gases or liquids at room temperature
because they have low melting and boiling points at room temperature due to weak molecular forces of attraction
what is the most common intermolecular force
Van der Waals
what happens when covalent bonds are broken down
a chemical change happens
what happens when intermolecular forces of attraction are broken down
a change of physical state but the chemical remains the same
what are some properties of simple covalent bonds
- they do not dissolve in water
- they dissolve in organic solvents
- they do not conduct electricity since covalent bonds have neither free electrons or free ions.
what is a positively charged ion called
a cation
what is a negatively charged ion called
an anion
what is the definition of ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions held together be a lattice structure.
what is the difference between an atom and an ion when bonding
atom:
- does not have brackets
- has no charge (atoms are neutral)
- electronic configuration do not have brackets
Ions:
- enclosed in square brackets
- the charge is written at the top right-hand corner outside the bracket
- Electronic configuration brackets
what is valency
valency is the ‘capacity’ of an atom/group of atoms to form bonds
what are the rules for writing names of ionic compounds
- The name of the metal always comes first
- the metals keep the same name of the element
- the non-metal change their name slightly, they have to end in -ide
list metals with multiple charges
- Cu+ and Cu2+
- Fe2+ and Fe3+
- Pb2+ and Pb4+
- Ag+
- Au+
- Zn2+
