LO3

Question 1

-NH2 properties

Answer 1

-act as a base in solution by accepting a proton, becoming ionized (charged) -NH3+
-hydrophilic

Question 2

-OH

Answer 2

• hydroxyl group
  -polar
  -hydrophilic

Question 3

-CH4

Answer 3

-methyl
-hydrophobic
-nonpolar

Question 4

-CO

Answer 4

-carbonyl group
-polar
-hydrophilic

Question 5

Phosphate Group

Answer 5

-found in DNA and RNA
-hydrophilic
-acts as an acid in solution by donating protons, becoming ionized (charged) -PO4^2-
-found in phospholipids

Question 6

-COOH

Answer 6

-carboxyl group
-hydrophilic
-found in amino acids
-found in fatty acids
-acid in solution by donating a proton, becoming ionized (charged) -COO

Question 7

Reaction that results in larger biological molecules and the release of water

Answer 7

Condensation reaction

Question 8

Results in smaller molecules

Answer 8

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 9

Monosaccharides are typically polar and hydrophilic because of the presence of

Answer 9

Hydroxyl functional group

Question 10

Forms fungal cell walls ; forms exoskeleton arthropods

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

Starch

Answer 11

Stores energy in plants

Question 12

Cellulose

Answer 12

Forms plant cell walls

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Stores energy in animal muscle and liver cells

Question 14

Saturated fatty acids are saturated with

Answer 14

Hydrogens

Question 15

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 15

Contain more double bonds than saturated

Question 16

Phospholipids

Answer 16

Made up of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains

Question 17

Nucleotides

Answer 17

Are made of nitrogenous bases, 5-C monosaccharide, and phosphate group

Question 18

Which functional group in DNA and RNA contribute to their negative charge and name of nucleic ‘acids’?

Answer 18

Phosphate

Question 19

Single strands of DNA OR RNA is held together by

Answer 19

Phosphodiester bonds between sugars and phosphates

Question 20

Two strands of DNA are held together in a double helix by

Answer 20

hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 21

The primary structure of a protein is maintained by

Answer 21

Covalent bonds

Question 22

What levels of protein organization is hydrogen bonding involved in?

Answer 22

Secondary,tertiary, and quaternary

Question 23

The molecular interactions between R groups from different amino acids in tertiary and quaternary structure include

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions

Question 24

Carbohydrates

Answer 24

• consist of a 1:2:1 ratio of C to H to O
• Monomer = monosaccharide
  Monosaccharides liked together by covalent glycosidic linkages

Question 25

Lipids

Answer 25

- do not interact with or dissolve well in water -non polar - contain primarily C and H

Question 26

Nucleic acids

Answer 26

- contain C,H,O,N, AND P - monomer = nucleotides - nucleotides liked together by covalent phosphodiester bonds

Question 27

Proteins

Answer 27

- contain C,H,O,N and usually S - monomer = amino acids - amino acids liked together by peptide bonds

Question 28

Carbohydrate functions

Answer 28

Storing energy for an organism (starch, glycogen, triacylglycerols) and forming cell walls ( cellulose and chitin)

Question 29

Lipid functions

Answer 29

Forming cell membranes (phospholipids) Acting as hormones(steroids) Storing energy for and organism (starch, glycogen, triacylglycerols)

Question 30

Nucleic acids function

Answer 30

- containing the genetic information to code for proteins (DNA & RNA) - serving as biological catalyst (RNA) - making up the genetic material of an organism (DNA)

Question 31

All organic molecules have a ‘backbone’ of

Answer 31

Carbon atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 32

Hydrocarbons

Answer 32

- comprised of carbon and hydrogen atoms - nonpolar -hydrophobic -insoluble

Question 33

Polymers are built by

Answer 33

Condensation reactions

Question 34

Polymers see degraded into monomers by

Answer 34

Hydrolysis reactions

Question 35

Most polysaccharides are made from the monomer

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

Triacylglycerols are formed from

Answer 36

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains covalent;y bonded together

Question 37

Amphipathic

Answer 37

One end of the molecule is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic ; phospholipids

Question 38

Steroid consists of carbon atoms arranged in

Answer 38

4 attached rings

Question 39

DNA contains

Answer 39

- purines, guanine, and adenine - pry,idijes cytosine and thymine

Question 40

RNA contains

Answer 40

- purines adenine and guanine -primidines cytosine and uracil

Question 41

Deoxyribose

Answer 41

5 carbon monosaccharides

Question 42

Ribose

Answer 42

Five carbon monosaccharides

Question 43

Polypeptide

Answer 43

Chain of amino acids bonded together

Question 44

R groups that a polar, basic, or acidic result in

Answer 44

Amino acids that are hydrophilic

Question 45

R groups that are non polar result in

Answer 45

hydrophobic amino acids

Question 46

Basic amino acids

Answer 46

Have an r group with a(n) amino group

Question 47

Acidic amino acids have a group with a(n)

Answer 47

carboxyl group

Question 48

Primary structure

Answer 48

First level of organization of polypeptide; results in a sequence of its amino acids

Question 49

Secondary structure of polypeptide

Answer 49

- hydrogen bonding - alpha helix structure and beta pleated sheet

Question 50

Tertiary structure

Answer 50

Generates the overall shape of a single polypeptide

Question 51

Quaternary structure

Answer 51

Results from interactions among multiple polypeptides to generate functional protein

Question 52

Why are hydrocarbons (methyl) insoluble in water?

Answer 52

Their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon- to- hydrogen linkages

Question 53

Phospholipids and triacylglycerols must interact with one another by

Answer 53

Van der Waals interactions

Question 54

Amino group with one or more carbonyl functional group

Answer 54

Polar

Question 55

Which functional group or atoms would need to be present in the R groups for hydrophobic interactions to occur between two amino acids?

Answer 55

R groups with C’s and H’s

Question 56

Nucleotides contain

Answer 56

A nitrogenous base