LO5

Question 1

What is the structure and function of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

• the control centre for the body
• consists of the brain and the spinal cord
• the spinal cord connects the brain, by long lines of nerve cells to every area of the body.

Question 2

What is the structure and function of the spinal cord?

Answer 2

-protected by specialist bones
- these bones have a hollow centre through which the spinal cord runs
-it transmits information to and from the brain through structures called nerves

Question 3

What is the structure and function of the autonomic system?

Answer 3

Controls and regulated processes such as heart rate.
-these actions are automatic - unconsciously controlled

Question 4

What is the function and structure of the sensory and motor neurones?

Answer 4

Sensory nerve transmits information from the senses(eyes, ears) to the brain.
-motor nerves transmit information to the muscles from the brain
-the sensory and motor nerve work together.

Question 5

What is the structure and function of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

All nerves outside the central nervous system make up the peripheral nervous system
-it relays information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Question 6

Structure and function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 6

Outermost layer of the brain,
-responsible for thinking and processing sensory information
-4 lobes each responsible for processing different types of information.

Question 7

Structure and function of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

-Positioned at the back of the skull
-coordinates and regulates muscle activity eg gross and fine motor skills for eg. Walking.

Question 8

Structure and function of the frontal lobes?

Answer 8

Carry out higher level mental processes eg. Decision making and thinking.

Question 9

Structure and function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 9

-Bridge of nerve tissue that connects the two halves of the brain.
-enables communication between the two

Question 10

Structure and function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 10

Responsible for maintenance of body temperature.

Question 11

Structure and function of the medulla?

Answer 11

Automatically carries out and regulates life sustaining functions eg. Breathing.

Question 12

Structure and function of the meninges?

Answer 12

-Three layers of membranes surrounding the brain and the spinal cord.
-Provide a barrier from the rest of the body and provide protection against infections.

Question 13

Structure and function of the neuron?

Answer 13

Are specialised nerve cells that transmits electrical impulses (information) from one part of the body to the other.

Question 14

Structure and function of the axons?

Answer 14

-Long threat like part of a nerve cell -along which impulses are conducted away from the cell to other cells .

Question 15

Structure and function of the Dendron?

Answer 15

Short branch structures on the neuron that receive electrical impulses and carry them towards the cell body.

Question 16

Structure and function of the myelin sheath?

Answer 16

-Fatty white substance that surrounds the axon.
-forms a protective layer and enables electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently.

Question 17

What is the medulla?

Answer 17

Contains thousands of nephrons

Question 18

What is the renal artery

Answer 18

-Carries blood from the heart to the kidneys.
-branch directly from aorta on either side and extend to each kidney.
-the arteries take a big volume of blood to the kidneys to be filtered.

Question 19

What is the renal vein?

Answer 19

Carries the blood that has been filtered to the kidney

Question 20

What is the calyx?

Answer 20

-chambers through which urine passes.
-its fibrous white region collects urine and passes it on to the urethra

Question 21

What is the urethra?

Answer 21

Tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Question 22

What is the cortex?

Answer 22

Part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs

Question 23

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 23

When a metabolic wastes are separated from the blood and urine is formed. It occurs in the glomerular capsule in the nephron.

Question 24

What is a nephron?

Answer 24

Filtering units each includes a filter called glomerulus and a tubule.
The tubule removes waste and the glomerulus filters the blood.

Question 25

What is the proximal tubule?

Answer 25

Responsible for reabsorbing filtered load, amino acids glucose solutes etc.

Question 26

What is the substance formed by the breakdown of protein in the liver?

Answer 26

Urea

Question 27

What is homeostasis in the kidney?

Answer 27

Self regulating process to maintain internal and stability while adjusting to changing external conditions.

Question 28

What is the loop of nerve?

Answer 28

Conducts urine within each nephron recovery of water and from urine.

Question 29

What is deamination? Liver

Answer 29

Occurs in the liver during protein metabolism (breakdown) it results in the production of ammonia (a toxic waste)

Question 30

What is Detoxification?

Answer 30

Liver converts the ammonia produced by deamination into urea; this is still waste but less toxic
Urea is transported in the blood and removed by kidney in the urine.

Question 31

What is the endocrine system

Answer 31

-Works alongside nervous system to control vital organs in the body.
-collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction and sleep.

Question 32

What are hormones?

Answer 32

A chemical substance that helps regulate processes in the body eg.
-insulin controls blood glucose.
-adrenaline presets your body for fight or flight.

Question 33

What and where is the thyroid

Answer 33

Located in the lower part of the neck and produces thyroxide which sustains metabolism.

Question 34

What and where is the adrenal gland

Answer 34

2types both located above the kidney and produces adrenaline which prepares the body for fight or flight.

Question 35

What and where is the pancreas?

Answer 35

Gland is situated near the stomach and produces insulin which is needed to control blood sugar levels

Question 36

Where is the Pituitary gland and what is it ?

Answer 36

Located in the base of the brain “master gland” that regulates all other endocrine glands.