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health and social > LO6 > Flashcards

LO6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pupil

A

opening at the middle of the eye which light passes through

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2
Q

what is the iris

A

the visible coloured ring at the front of the eye. it adjusts to control the amount of light entering the pupil.

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3
Q

what is the tear glands

A

lacrimal glands
produce tears to lubricate and clean the front if the eye. fluid contains salt and has natural antiseptic properties

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4
Q

what are the aqueous and vitreous humours

A

(or fluids) watery, jelly-like fluids that fill the eye. they keep the eyes shape and nourish it.

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5
Q

what is the conjunctiva

A

thin membrane that protects the cornea

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6
Q

what is the cornea

A

is at the front of the eye and transparent
light passes through the cornea to retina

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7
Q

what is the retina

A

the inner lining of the eye, contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones

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8
Q

what is the macula

A

high concentration of photoreceptor cells , these detect light and sends signals to the brain, which interprets them as images

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9
Q

what is the optic nerve

A

nerve cells exit the eye
no rods and cones so called the blind spot

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10
Q

ciliary muscles

A

enables the lens to change shape for focusing
it contracts to stretch the lens making it flatter and thinner

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11
Q

what are the suspensory ligaments

A

attach the lens to the ciliary muscle

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12
Q

what is the lens

A

focusing light enters the eye

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13
Q

what are the parts of the ear

A

eardrum
stapes/icus/malleus- ear bones
cochlea
organ of corti
eustachian tube
round window
auditory nerve
semi circular canals and ampullae

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14
Q

what is the ear drum

A

thin layer of tissue that receives the sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear

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15
Q

what is the stapes/incus/malleus

A

small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit them across the middle ear to the cochlea

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16
Q

what is the cochlea

A

contains jelly like fluid in a coiled shell. vibrations pass through the fluid and are converted to neutral messages and passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve

17
Q

what is the organ of corti

A

located in the cochlea, sometimes called the bodies microphone and is lined with hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

18
Q

what is the eustachian tube

A

connects the middle ear to the throat
ensured the pressure of the middle eat is equal to the pressure outside the ear

19
Q

what is the round window

A

drum like membrane. vibrations from the round window pass to the cochlea

20
Q

what is the auditory nerve

A

bundle of nerve fibres that carry hearing info from th cochlea to the brain

21
Q

what is the semi circular canals and ampullae

A

tiny fluid filled tubes in the inner ear that help with balance. they have nothing to do with hearing. lined with cilia and the movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain and work as a motion sensor to help you balance.

22
Q

what is the cause of glaucoma

A

caused by the build of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humours unable to drain properly and this increase in pressure damages the optic nerve
increases the risk:
age
ethnicity-africans an asians are higher risk
family history

23
Q

effects of glaucoma

A

no symptoms to begin with
develops slowly after many year and effects peripheral vision first
many people don’t realise they have glaucoma and only found during an eye test
symptoms may include blurred vision
if t
left untreated the pressure will damage the optic nerve causing blindness

24
Q

cause of age related macular degeneration

A

exact cause is unknown
has been linked to smoking , high blood pressure, being over weight and having a family history

25
Q

what are the effects of age related macular degeneration

A

doesn’t cause total blindness but there is a gradual loss of central vision
without treatment vision may get worse can happen over several years (dry AMD) or quickly (wet AMD)
seeing straight lines as wavy lines
objects look smaller than usual
colours seem less bright
hallucinations

26
Q

causes of cataracts

A

diabetes
exposure to UV
taking certain medications for a long time
smoking and drinking too much alcohol
family history

27
Q

effects of cataracts

A

changes in the lens resulting in cloudy patches
misty vision
colours look pale
everything has a brown or yellow tinge
small patches of less clear vision
bright lights are dazzling
more difficult to see in bright or dim lights
double vision

28
Q

causes of retinoplathy

A

complication of diabetes caused by high blood sugar levels that damage the retina.

29
Q

effects of retinopathy

A

blindness

30
Q

causes of deafness

A

gradual hearing loss- due to ageing or prolonged exposure to sound
conductive hearing loss-due to blockage or infection or due to a perforated eardrum. may be due to changes in oestrogen in women
sensorineural hearing loss- caused by damage to the hair cells in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve . viral infections like measles and mumps are causes. blow to the head cause damage the inner ear

31
Q

effects of deafness

A

difficulty hearing other people clearly
asking people to repeat themselves
difficulty hearing on the phone
finding it hard to keep up with the convo
having to tun up the tv
hearing aid or implants

32
Q

treatment for glaucoma

A

daily eye drops
regular monitoring appointments
laser eye treatment to open up blockages
surgery to help drainage

33
Q

treatments for dry AMD

A

no cure
stop smoking and having a healthy diet may slow th progression
support services to help individual adapt

34
Q

treatments for wet AMD

A

regular scans to monitor
injections in the eye start with monthly and then gets less frequent
photodynamic therapy using laser treatment. dye injected and laser destroys abnormal blood vessels

35
Q

treatment for cataracts

A

regular eye examinations
stringer glasses and brighter reading lights
surgery to replace lens

36
Q

treatment for retinopathy

A

monitoring
-control blood sugar levels
-control cholesterol and blood pressure
-attend diabetic eye screening appointments
treatment
-injctions of medication into the eye
-laser treatment
-operation to remove scar tissue from the eye

37
Q

treatments for hearing loss

A

ear wax sucked out or softer with ear drops
hearing ads
implants
sign language

38
Q

impacts on lifestyle and care needs of eye and ear malfunction

A

side effects if medication
regular check ups
recovery from surgery
healthy eating and diet changes
taking care to avoid injuries
may become housebound
home adaptations
different ways of communicating
loss independance
problems with reading driving
feeling tired and stressed
loss of employment if individual can adapt
emotional and social effets

health and social (6 decks)

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