LO6

Question 1

what is the pupil

Answer 1

opening at the middle of the eye which light passes through

Question 2

what is the iris

Answer 2

the visible coloured ring at the front of the eye. it adjusts to control the amount of light entering the pupil.

Question 3

what is the tear glands

Answer 3

lacrimal glands
produce tears to lubricate and clean the front if the eye. fluid contains salt and has natural antiseptic properties

Question 4

what are the aqueous and vitreous humours

Answer 4

(or fluids) watery, jelly-like fluids that fill the eye. they keep the eyes shape and nourish it.

Question 5

what is the conjunctiva

Answer 5

thin membrane that protects the cornea

Question 6

what is the cornea

Answer 6

is at the front of the eye and transparent
light passes through the cornea to retina

Question 7

what is the retina

Answer 7

the inner lining of the eye, contains light sensitive cells called rods and cones

Question 8

what is the macula

Answer 8

high concentration of photoreceptor cells , these detect light and sends signals to the brain, which interprets them as images

Question 9

what is the optic nerve

Answer 9

nerve cells exit the eye
no rods and cones so called the blind spot

Question 10

ciliary muscles

Answer 10

enables the lens to change shape for focusing
it contracts to stretch the lens making it flatter and thinner

Question 11

what are the suspensory ligaments

Answer 11

attach the lens to the ciliary muscle

Question 12

what is the lens

Answer 12

focusing light enters the eye

Question 13

what are the parts of the ear

Answer 13

eardrum
stapes/icus/malleus- ear bones
cochlea
organ of corti
eustachian tube
round window
auditory nerve
semi circular canals and ampullae

Question 14

what is the ear drum

Answer 14

thin layer of tissue that receives the sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear

Question 15

what is the stapes/incus/malleus

Answer 15

small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit them across the middle ear to the cochlea

Question 16

what is the cochlea

Answer 16

contains jelly like fluid in a coiled shell. vibrations pass through the fluid and are converted to neutral messages and passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve

Question 17

what is the organ of corti

Answer 17

located in the cochlea, sometimes called the bodies microphone and is lined with hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses

Question 18

what is the eustachian tube

Answer 18

connects the middle ear to the throat
ensured the pressure of the middle eat is equal to the pressure outside the ear

Question 19

what is the round window

Answer 19

drum like membrane. vibrations from the round window pass to the cochlea

Question 20

what is the auditory nerve

Answer 20

bundle of nerve fibres that carry hearing info from th cochlea to the brain

Question 21

what is the semi circular canals and ampullae

Answer 21

tiny fluid filled tubes in the inner ear that help with balance. they have nothing to do with hearing. lined with cilia and the movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain and work as a motion sensor to help you balance.

Question 22

what is the cause of glaucoma

Answer 22

caused by the build of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humours unable to drain properly and this increase in pressure damages the optic nerve
increases the risk:
age
ethnicity-africans an asians are higher risk
family history

Question 23

effects of glaucoma

Answer 23

no symptoms to begin with
develops slowly after many year and effects peripheral vision first
many people don’t realise they have glaucoma and only found during an eye test
symptoms may include blurred vision
if t
left untreated the pressure will damage the optic nerve causing blindness

Question 24

cause of age related macular degeneration

Answer 24

exact cause is unknown
has been linked to smoking , high blood pressure, being over weight and having a family history

Question 25

what are the effects of age related macular degeneration

Answer 25

doesn't cause total blindness but there is a gradual loss of central vision without treatment vision may get worse can happen over several years (dry AMD) or quickly (wet AMD) seeing straight lines as wavy lines objects look smaller than usual colours seem less bright hallucinations

Question 26

causes of cataracts

Answer 26

diabetes exposure to UV taking certain medications for a long time smoking and drinking too much alcohol family history

Question 27

effects of cataracts

Answer 27

changes in the lens resulting in cloudy patches misty vision colours look pale everything has a brown or yellow tinge small patches of less clear vision bright lights are dazzling more difficult to see in bright or dim lights double vision

Question 28

causes of retinoplathy

Answer 28

complication of diabetes caused by high blood sugar levels that damage the retina.

Question 29

effects of retinopathy

Answer 29

blindness

Question 30

causes of deafness

Answer 30

gradual hearing loss- due to ageing or prolonged exposure to sound conductive hearing loss-due to blockage or infection or due to a perforated eardrum. may be due to changes in oestrogen in women sensorineural hearing loss- caused by damage to the hair cells in the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve . viral infections like measles and mumps are causes. blow to the head cause damage the inner ear

Question 31

effects of deafness

Answer 31

difficulty hearing other people clearly asking people to repeat themselves difficulty hearing on the phone finding it hard to keep up with the convo having to tun up the tv hearing aid or implants

Question 32

treatment for glaucoma

Answer 32

daily eye drops regular monitoring appointments laser eye treatment to open up blockages surgery to help drainage

Question 33

treatments for dry AMD

Answer 33

no cure stop smoking and having a healthy diet may slow th progression support services to help individual adapt

Question 34

treatments for wet AMD

Answer 34

regular scans to monitor injections in the eye start with monthly and then gets less frequent photodynamic therapy using laser treatment. dye injected and laser destroys abnormal blood vessels

Question 35

treatment for cataracts

Answer 35

regular eye examinations stringer glasses and brighter reading lights surgery to replace lens

Question 36

treatment for retinopathy

Answer 36

monitoring -control blood sugar levels -control cholesterol and blood pressure -attend diabetic eye screening appointments treatment -injctions of medication into the eye -laser treatment -operation to remove scar tissue from the eye

Question 37

treatments for hearing loss

Answer 37

ear wax sucked out or softer with ear drops hearing ads implants sign language

Question 38

impacts on lifestyle and care needs of eye and ear malfunction

Answer 38

side effects if medication regular check ups recovery from surgery healthy eating and diet changes taking care to avoid injuries may become housebound home adaptations different ways of communicating loss independance problems with reading driving feeling tired and stressed loss of employment if individual can adapt emotional and social effets