Load Transfer

Question 1

Define strength as a structural principal

Answer 1

Strength of all structural elements, and of structure as a whole, must always be greater the the stresses induced by the loads and forces

Question 2

Define Stability as a structural principal

Answer 2

The structure must have a reasonable factor of safety against collapse and over turning due to application of loads.

Question 3

Define Robustness as a structural principal

Answer 3

Structure must be able to withstand the effects of accidental misuse or malicious damage without disproportionate collapse.

Question 4

Define Equilibrium as a structural principal

Answer 4

All loads, forces and the moments that they cause on the structure bust be balanced by the reactions so that the structure experiences no movement.

Question 5

What is defined by the structure of a building

Answer 5

The elements of construction which accept the loads and forces imposed upon the building in a way that it remains strong, stable and robust. Loads, forces and reactions are all in equilibrium and deformations are kept within acceptable limits.

Question 6

What are the components of a Building Structure (4)

Answer 6

Roof, Floors, Walls, Foundations

Question 7

What is the function of the Roof

Answer 7

To bear the roof dead load, and transfer any imposed loads to the walls.

Question 8

What is the function of the Floor

Answer 8

To bear dead load of the wall structure, and transfer any imposed loads to walls or ground.

Question 9

What is the function of the Walls

Answer 9

To bear the dead load of the walls, accept loads from the floor and roof and transfer them to the foundations.

Question 10

What is the function of the Foundations

Answer 10

T accept loads from from walls and transfer them to the ground.

Question 11

Why must load acceptance and transfer be accomplished

Answer 11

So that the stresses inside and deformation of the materials are kept within acceptable limits.

Question 12

What does 1n equate to

Answer 12

1 Kilogram of Mass x Acceleration of 1m/sec2

Question 13

What does 1kn equate to

Answer 13

1000n = 1000kgm/sec2

Question 14

What is mass defined as

Answer 14

The total amount of substance a physical object comprises of

Question 15

What is weight defined as

Answer 15

mass x acceleration due to gravity (approx 10m/sec2)

Question 16

Define Deadload

Answer 16

The self weight of the structure and all permanent fixtures

Question 17

The self weight of the structure and all permanent fixtures refers too

Answer 17

Dead Load

Question 18

Define Liveload

Answer 18

A loading allowance for building use

Question 19

A loading allowance for building use refers too

Answer 19

Liveload

Question 20

Define Wind Load

Answer 20

A loading allowance due to wind pressure

Question 21

A loading allowance due to wind pressure refers to

Answer 21

Wind Load

Question 22

Define Uniformly-Distributed Loads (UDL)

Answer 22

Spread loads eg floor, roof

Question 23

Spread loads eg floor, roof refer to

Answer 23

Define Uniformly-Distributed Loads (UDL)

Question 24

Define line loads

Answer 24

loads along a line eg wall and strip footing loads

Question 25

loads along a line eg wall and strip footing loads refer to

Answer 25

Line loads

Question 26

Define Point Loads

Answer 26

forces at a point eg column loads

Question 27

forces at a point eg column loads refer to

Answer 27

Point Loads

Question 28

What is the definition of Equilibrium

Answer 28

All the forces on the structure and the moments that they cause must be balanced by the reactions so that the structure mains stable and experiences no movement.

Question 29

What is a moment

Answer 29

It is the twisting effect of a force about a centre of rotation. Similar to effect of a spanner to tighten a nut.

Question 30

What is the equation for calculating moments

Answer 30

moment (kNm) = force (kN) x lever arm (m)

Question 31

What is the equation for calculating point loads

Answer 31

moment (kNm) = value of point load (kN) x Lever arm (m)

Question 32

What is the equation for calculating line loads

Answer 32

moment (kNm) = line load (kN/m) x length considered (m) x lever arm (m)

Question 33

What are the two types of load

Answer 33

concentrated / Point load, distributed load

Question 34

what are the four main principles of structures

Answer 34

strength, stability, robustness, equilibrium

Question 35

what are the six structural components

Answer 35

roof, floors, walls, foundations, structural frames, connections

Question 36

what are the two types of load described as

Answer 36

live load and dead load

Question 37

define live load

Answer 37

the weight of people and their movement.

Question 38

define dead load

Answer 38

self weight of structure and imposed loads

Question 39

what are the 4 types of distributed load

Answer 39

uniformly distributed load, tapered patch load, patch load, tapered distributed load

Question 40

what are the 3 types of forces acting on a structure

Answer 40

reactions, shear force, bending moment

Question 41

What are the different components of reactions on a beam with a point load

Answer 41

L = length of beam, P = point load, VL = support left, VR = support right, A = left of P, B = right of P

Question 42

How do you calculate the reaction of VL on a beam with a point load

Answer 42

P (load) x B (right of P) divide by length

Question 43

How do you calculate the reaction of VR on a beam with a point load

Answer 43

P (load) x A (left of P) divide by length

Question 44

how do we calculate the sum of reactions of beam with a point load

Answer 44

0.5 x P (load)

Question 45

how do we calculate the bending moment at P (load) on beam with a point load

Answer 45

load (P) x left of P (A) x right of P (B) divide by length (L)

Question 46

how do we calculate the bending moment at the mid point on a beam with a point load

Answer 46

load (P) x length (L) divide half of length