LOC 1 Flashcards
leadership and organisational culture (17 cards)
Define leadership
Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and process od faciliotating individual and collectibve efforts to accomplish shared objectibves
discuss some of the general issues surrounding research on leadership
General Issues in Leadership Research
How to define and measure success:
Leadership effectiveness can be measured in different ways—objectively (e.g., profits, productivity) or subjectively (e.g., trust, motivation).
Direct vs. Indirect Influence:
Leaders can influence others through direct interaction (e.g., meetings, feedback) or indirectly (e.g., shaping systems, culture).
Leadership vs. Management:
Leadership is more about guiding and influencing people, while management focuses on planning and organizing tasks.
Emergence vs. Effectiveness:
A person may emerge as a leader due to traits or context, but effectiveness depends on achieving outcomes and impact on followers.
Different levels of analysis:
Leadership can be studied at the individual, team, or organizational level, and from the perspective of either leader or follower.
Define the term social hierarchy
Social hierarchy is an implicit or explicit rank of order of individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimention – it can be abt anything strenght, followers..
compare status with power hierarchies
Status is the extent to which an individual or a group is respected or admired by others and power is the extent to which a group or individual has control over valued resources in social relations
Power can lead to status and status can lead to power if respect is given due to the control over valued resources or if control of valued resources is given becvause they are respected
The main difference between the 2 is that power is a property of the actor and status is the property of the co-actor
what are the functions of social hierachy
functions: establishing order and facilitating coordination and motivating individuals
describe the difference between leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness.
Leadership emergance is about how does one become a leader, their personalioty, experience, circumstances, rightt tiome/place luck..
And leadership efectiveness is about when is a leader effective – so their abillity to achieve desired outcomes and consequences for their followers and other orhganisation stakeholders
How to define leadership succes
Leadership success (or effectiveness) can be defined in different ways depending on what is being measured:
Objective Outcomes:
Performance indicators like profits, productivity, market share, or goal achievement.
Subjective Outcomes:
Follower satisfaction, trust, commitment, and respect toward the leader.
Group Processes:
Improved teamwork, cooperation, decision-making, and conflict resolution.
- direct and indirect influences of leadership
direct leadership – leader influences followers through direct intercation: meatings, emails…
indirect – leaders inflience followerts through indirect interactions, so they dont interact with them they inlfuence them throigh organisational structurews
- what are the 2 ways that hiearchies can develop
they can develop explicity or implicity
explicitly throiugh formal roles
implicitly through organic development in thr group – hiearchical differentiation
What are the bases for hiearchy
The two main bases for hierarchy are:
Status
Based on how much respect or admiration a person receives.
Subjective and depends on others’ perceptions (e.g., judged as competent or admirable).
Power
Based on control over valued resources (e.g., money, information, tasks).
More objective and tied to actual access or authority.
Given: In their review of literature on social hierarchy, Magee and Galinsky 2008) describe how power or status can form the basis for such hierarchy. They explain the relations and the differences between the two.
Question: Which of the following statements is in line with their discussion on this?
a) Power is related to status, as a power-based leader who is repeatedly successful in accomplishing goals, will automatically gain higher status.
b) An important difference is that status hierarchies are more unstable than power hierarchies, as people tend to disagree about who should be awarded respect.
c) Status is related to power in the sense that it may lead to power, as high status people may be entrusted with more valuable resources.
c
Given: In Chapter 1, Yukl and Gardner (2020) make a distinction between direct and indirect leadership.
Question: Which of the following is a form of indirect leadership?
a) A leader enhances subordinates’ ethical behavior through strengthening the organizational culture.
b) A CEO’s influence is transmitted down from middle management, to lower-level management to regular employees.
c) The examples in both of the other answer options are forms of indirect leadership.
c
Which of the following best defines leadership?
A. Directing subordinates to complete tasks
B. Influencing others to understand and achieve shared goals
C. Assigning tasks based on performance
D. Managing resources efficiently
B
Which of the following statements about power and status is TRUE?
A. Power is always accompanied by high status.
B. Status is based on control over resources, while power is based on admiration.
C. Power is objective and resource-based; status is subjective and respect-based.
D. Status cannot exist in informal hierarchies.
C
What does the concept of “cascading” refer to in leadership research?
A. The emotional reaction of employees to direct leadership
B. The downward spread of leadership influence through hierarchical levels
C. The collapse of leadership structure in times of crisis
D. The process by which informal leaders gain formal power
B
Which scenario best illustrates leadership effectiveness without emergence?
A. A popular influencer leads a marketing team with strong results
B. A quiet team member steps in during a crisis and organizes a successful response
C. A charismatic speaker is promoted but fails to meet team goals
D. A manager with strong technical skills is promoted for being liked by the team
B
According to the lecture, what makes leadership success difficult to measure?
A. There is a single universal definition of leadership
B. Leadership cannot be observed directly
C. Outcomes are influenced by many variables and are often delayed
D. Most researchers focus only on profits and ignore team dynamics
Correct answer: C
