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Local Anesthetics Flashcards

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1
Q

True or False: Local Anesthetics are drugs that can be administered via IV?

A

True. Local anesthesia can also be administered via Topical, Infiltration, Epidural or subarachnoid.

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2
Q

Site of Action of General anesthesia?

A

CNS

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3
Q

Area affected of Local anesthesia?

A

Restricted areas

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4
Q

Adverse effect of Cocaine as topical anesthesia. Give at least 3

A

Tolerance
Abuse
Poisoning can occur with cocaine overuse
Hyperpyrexia
Anorexia

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5
Q

Topical anesthesia of nose, pharynx, and tracheobronchial tree.

A

Cocaine

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6
Q

Nerve block, Infiltrative & Spinal anesthesia.

A

Procaine

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7
Q

Spinal anesthesia and Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane?

A

Tetracaine

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8
Q

Adverse effect of tetracaine. Give at least 3

A

Feeling nervous or excited
Dizziness, Drowsiness, chills
Headache
Blurred vision
Nausea and Vomiting

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9
Q

Adverse effect of Procaine. Give the 3

A

Heartburn
Migraine
SLE ( Systemic Lupus Erythemathosus)

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10
Q

Infiltrative/ Spinal Anesthesia, Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane, Nerve block Anesthesia.

A

Lidocaine

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Lidocaine. Give at least 3

A

High blood pressure
Swelling or redness of skin
Constipation
Nausea and Vomiting
Confusion

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12
Q

Infiltrative, Regional, Spinal Anesthesia.

A

Prilocaine

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13
Q

Adverse effect of Prilocaine. Give the 2

A

Production of methemoglobinemia.
Shift to the left of the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin.

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14
Q

Local Anesthetia that is Infiltrative/ Regional nerve block anesthesia.

A

Mepivacaine

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15
Q

Adverse effect of Mepivacaine. Give at least 3

A

Drowsiness
Loss of bladder
Painful or difficult urination
Numbness
Blurred vision

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16
Q

Local anesthesia that is Regional nerve block anesthesia

A

Bupivacaine

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17
Q

Adverse effect of Bupivacaine. Give at least 3

A

Hypotension
Urinary retention
Heart block
Anxiety

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18
Q

Local anesthesia that is Topically applied for mucous membrane.

A

Dibucaine

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19
Q

Adverse effect of Dibucaine. Give at least 3

A

Seizure
Respiratory failure
Hypotension
Allergic reaction

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20
Q

Is the induction of the state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation of the entire body; Used during certain medical and surgical procedure.

A

General Anesthetics

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21
Q

2 Sub groups of General Anesthetics

A

Inhalation Anesthetics
Intravenous Anesthetics

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22
Q

They can be used for some procedures of shorter duration

A

Intravenous Anesthetics

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23
Q

Possesing general anesthetic properties that can be delivered via inhalation. Substance that are brought into the body via lungs and are distributed with the blood into the different tissues.

A

Inhalational Anesthetics

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24
Q

Inhalational anesthesia that is used as a treatment for Status Asthmaticus. Anesthesia that is Safe for children.

A

Halothane

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25
Adverse effects of Halothane. Give at least 3
Hepatic necrosis Nausea and Vomiting Hypotension & Arrythmias Respiratory arrest, Shivering
26
Inhalational anesthesia that is used to provide analgesia for vaginal delivery. Ventricular premature complexes.
Enflurane
27
Adverse effect of Enflurane. Give at least 3
Malignant Hyperthermia Seizures Hypotension Arrythmias Nausea and Vomiting Mild, moderate, & Severe liver injury including hepatic failure
28
Used as a maintenance anesthesia in adults and children after receiving other anesthetics before or during surgery.
Desflurane
29
Adverse effect of Desflurane. Give at least 3
Congestion Tightness in chest Trouble breathing Cough Dryness or soreness of throat Fever Hoarseness
30
Inhalational anesthetics that is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
Isoflurane
31
Adverse effects of Isoflurane. Give at least 3
Produces significant respiratory depression Cardiac output may increase (due to hypercapnia) Fall in arterial BP
32
Inhalational anesthetics that is Used as supplement to more potent anesthetic agent; Used as a single agent for partial sedation most common in pediatric (dentistry); Most powerful analgesic anesthesia and used for outpatient dental procedure.
Nitrous Oxide
33
Adverse effects of Nitrous Oxide. Give at least 3
Diffusion Hypoxia Leukopenia Nausea and Vomiting Infarction of Vit. B 12 Can enlarge the volume of air embolic
34
Inhalational anesthetic that depresses the myocardium and increases tracheobronchial secretions.
Diethyl Ether
35
Adverse effects of Diethyl Ether. Give the 3
Nausea Toxicity to the organs Death
36
3 Classifications of Intravenous Anesthetics
Neuroleptanesthetics Dissociative anesthesia Pre anesthetic Medication
37
2 Neuroleptanesthetics drugs that is used to manage moderate to severe pain; Used to reduce N&V caused by surgery or other medical procedure.
Fentanyl & Droperidol
38
Adverse effects of Fentanyl and Droperidol. Give the 2
Confusion and mental depression Respiratory depression
39
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used as inducing anesthesia before surgery or certain procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
Ketamine
40
Adverse effects of Ketamine. Give the 2
Loss of appetite Nausea and Vomiting
41
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that causes drowsiness & sleep before surgery or other medical procedure.
Barbiturate (Thiopental)
42
Adverse effects of Barbiturates. Give the 3
Respiratory and Myocardial Depression Cardiac arrythmias Prolonged somnolence and recovery
43
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for adults before an uncomfortable procedure to relax and reduce awareness but not cause deep sleep.
Propofol
44
Adverse effects of Propofol. Give the 3
Light headed feeling Mild itching or rash Fast or slow heart rate (Tachycardia/ Bradycardia)
45
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is Given to produce amnesia so that the patient will not remember any discomfort or undesirable effects that may occur after a surgery or procedure.
Midazolam
46
Adverse effects of Midazolam. Give at least 3
Headache Nausea and Vomiting Cough Drowsiness
47
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for induction of general anesthesia & sedation for short procedure such as reduction of dislocated joint, tracheal intubation and cardioversion. Hypnotic agent.
Etomidate
48
Adverse effects of Etomidate. Give the 3
Arrythmias Hypotension Nausea and Vomiting
49
Pre anesthetic medication that produces less post operative. Causes Nausea and Vomiting.
Barbiturates (Secobarbital/ Pentobarbital)
50
Adverse effects of Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. Give at least 3
Dizziness and Nausea Lightheadedness Sedation & Headache Abdominal pain
51
Pre anesthetic drug that is used to treat moderate to severe pain that may not respond well to other pain medications.
Opioids ( Morphine)
52
Adverse effects of Morphine. Give at least 3
Constipation Nausea and Vomiting Decrease Sexual interest Drowsiness and respiratory depression
53
Pre anesthetic medication that is used to agitation in certain patients, severe nausea and Vomiting, severe hiccups, moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients.
Phenothiazines
54
Adverse effects of Phenothiazines. Give at least 3
Drowsiness Dizziness Headache Low blood pressure Trembling of the hands and fingers
55
Pre anesthetic medication helps to prevent & treat CNS stimulation caused by local anesthetics and provide amnesia. Can provide preoperative sedation.
Tranquilizers ( Diazepam)
56
Adverse effects of Diazepam. Give at least 3
You may feel as though you are floating May become confused Difficulty in concentrating Increased anxiety, restlessness or depression
57
Pre anesthetic medication used routinely to decrease the flow of saliva.
Anticholinergic agents ( Atropine & Scopolamine)
58
Adverse effects of Anticholinergic agents (Scopolamine & Atropine). Give at least 3
Dry mouth Blurred vision Hallucinations Constipation Drowsiness Sedation
59
Are drugs which upon topical application or local injection cause reversible loss of sensory perception, especially of pain in a localized area of the body.
Local Anesthetics
60
Preferential use of Local anesthesia
Minor surgery

PCHEM2 (2 decks)

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