Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Localisation In Clinical Neurology > Flashcards

Localisation In Clinical Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What do we mean by localisation

A

Where the lesion is responsible for patients that the symptoms and signs are based on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is localisation important

A

We cant image every patient so we need to have an ideo of where the lesion is localised to decide on what imaging to carry out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of localisation

A

Focal
Multi focal
Diffuse
Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a focal localisation

A

Single locus that accounts for patients symptoms and signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is multi focal localisation

A

Involves more than one locus but loci remain discrete i.e you cant localise the lesion to one part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is diffuse localisation

A

Widespread dysfunction of a part of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is specific pattern- give an example

A

Parkinsons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe

A

Motor function (pre-central gyrus)- motor function of the opposite side of the body
Brocas area which controls the speech output
Emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe

A

Post-central gyrus- sensation of the opposite side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe

A

Memory

Dominant hemisphere contains the wernickes area which controsl the comprehension of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe

A

Control the vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 segments of the spinal cord

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what segment does the spinal cord end in

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After l1 what is the structure that comes at the end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the spinal cord what roots are there

A

Dorsal root

Ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the dorsal root

A

Allow motor neurones to enter the spinal cord (sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the ventral root

A

Allow motor neurones to exit the spinal cord (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the central nervous system made of

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Meninges

20
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made of

A

Nerve roots
Nerves including the cauda equina
Neuromusclar junction
Muscle

21
Q

What are the signs in a UMN

A 
Increased tone (spasticity)
Weakness with no wasting 
Hyperreflexia
Upgoing plantars
Hypertonia 
Clonus
22
Q

What is UMN a sign of

A

Lesion in the CNS

23
Q

What are the LMN signs

A 
Hyporeflexia 
Hypotonia
Muscle wasting (atrophy)
Fasciculations 
Normal plantars
24
Q

Where is the lesion in LMN

A

PNS

25
Q

What are the 3 important spinal tracts

A

Spinothalamic tract
Corticospinal tract
Dorsal columns

26
Q

What are the sensory tracts

A

Spinothalamic tract

Dorsal columns

27
Q

What are the motor tracts

A

Corticospinal tract

28
Q

What sensation does the spinothalamic tract detect

A

Pain
Temperature
Coarse touch

29
Q

What sensartion does the dorsal column detect

A

Fine touch
Vibration
Position

30
Q

Where does the spinothalamic tract start

A

In the peripheral nerve into the dorsal root and crosses at the level of the spinal cord entry and crosses close to the central canal

31
Q

Where does the dorsal column start

A

In the peripheral nerve through the dorsal nerve root and goes up to the medulla to cross

32
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract start and descend to

A

Starts in the motor cortex and descends and crosses at the medulla and ends up in the anterior cell

33
Q

What reflex does the biceps test for

A

C5/6

34
Q

What reflex does the brachoradialis (supinator) reflex test for

A

C6

35
Q

What reflex does the triceps reflex test for

A

C7

36
Q

What refelx does the knee reflex test for

A

L4

37
Q

What reflex does the ankle reflex test for

A

S1

38
Q

What investigations can be carried out for a neuro disease

A

CT, CTA, CTV- has radiation
MRI, MRA,MRV- no radiation
Angiography

39
Q

What does an EEG look at

A

Routine, sleep eeg and epilepsy

40
Q

What is NCS used for

A

This is stimulation of different peripheral nerves that measures both sensory and motor function. It assess peripheral neuropathy and diagnosing entrapment

41
Q

What is an EMG and what is it used to assess

A

This is a fine needle inserted into the muscle to look for spontanoue activity and motor unit potential you assess for peripheral neuropathy and neuromuscular disorders

42
Q

When is a lumbar puncture contraindicated

A

In patients with symptoms and signs of increased ICP

43
Q

What are the indications for lumbar puncture

A

Meningits
MS
Encephalitis

44
Q

What does a CSF look at

A 
Glucose
Protein
Cells
Blood breakdown products
Oligolocal bands for diagnosis of MS
45
Q

What is a complication of lumbar puncture

A

Post lumbar puncture headache: due to decreased ICP. Headache is worse on standing and usually resolves spontanously after 7 days

Neurology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions