Localisation of function

Question 1

What is localisation of the brain?

Answer 1

The idea that different parts of the brain are responsible for particular skills and abilities

Question 2

What is the outer layer of the brain called?

Answer 2

The cerebral cortex.

Question 3

What are the two halves of the cerebral cortex called?

Answer 3

Hemispheres.

Question 4

which hemisphere controls the left side of the body?

Answer 4

The right hemisphere.

Question 5

what are the two hemispheres of the brain connected by?

Answer 5

Corpus callosum.

Question 6

Why are the two hemispheres connected?

Answer 6

So that information from one hemisphere can be communicated to the other.

Question 7

how many lobes is each cortex divided into?

Answer 7

Four Lobes.

Question 8

where is the motor cortex?

Answer 8

At the back of the frontal lobe in both hemispheres.

Question 9

what is the motor cortex responsible for?

Answer 9

Voluntary movements, e.g. walking writing.

Question 10

how does the motor cortex send messages to muscles?

Answer 10

Via the spinal cord.

Question 11

how is the motor cortex arranged?

Answer 11

Different parts of the motor cortex control different parts of the body and are arranged in the same order as the body part e.g. the region controlling the hand is next to the region controlling the arm.

Question 12

what is the somatosensory centre involved in?

Answer 12

Detecting and processing sensory inputs from parts of the body.

Question 13

what happens once the somatosensory centre receives a sensory input?

Answer 13

It’s produces the sensation of touch pressure, pain and temperature.

Question 14

Where is the Somatosensory centre?

Answer 14

Behind the motor cortex in the parietal lobe.

Question 15

what indicates the sensitivity of areas?

Answer 15

The amount of the somatosensory centre that deals with information from the body area. For example, receptors for our face and hands occupy over half of the somatosensory centre.

Question 16

which hemisphere is the somatosensory centre in?

Answer 16

Both.

Question 17

where is the visual centre located?

Answer 17

At the back of the brain in the occipital lobe.

Question 18

What is the function of the visual centre?

Answer 18

it receives and processes inputs from the eyes.

Question 19

what would damage to the left hemisphere’s visual centre mean?

Answer 19

The individual might be blind on the right side of the visual field.

Question 20

what do different parts of the visual cortex do?

Answer 20

Process different types of visual information. E.g. colour, shape, movement.

Question 21

Where is the auditory centre located?

Answer 21

Largely within the temporal lobes in both hemispheres of the brain.

Question 22

what is the function of the auditory centre?

Answer 22

Deals with the detection and processing of sounds.

Question 23

what does the auditory centre enable us to identify?

Answer 23

What is sounders and the location of the sound.

Question 24

Where is the language centre located?

Answer 24

The left hemisphere and most people.

Question 25

what does this mean the language centre is an example of?

Answer 25

Hemispheric, lateralisation and localisation of function in the brain.

Question 26

what is two areas are important in dealing with language processing?

Answer 26

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

Question 27

where is Broca’s area?

Answer 27

The frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, it is relatively small.

Question 28

what is the role of Broca’s area?

Answer 28

It’s responsible for the production of speech.

Question 29

how was Broca’s area identified?

Answer 29

It was identified by Paul Broca after carrying out post-mortems on a patient with Epilepsy, who could understand, spoken language, but could only produced the single syllable word “Tan”.

Question 30

what happens if someone suffers damage in the left hemisphere to Broca’s Area?

Answer 30

they would suffer with Broca’s Aphasia and producing speech, would take great effort, and is slow and laboured. Speech would lack fluency in that words that help sentences function, e.g. “it” or “the” are often missing.

Question 31

where is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 31

The left temporal lobe close to the auditory cortex.

Question 32

what is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

Answer 32

It is involved in understanding language.

Question 33

what would happen if someone suffered damage to Wernicke’s area?

Answer 33

they would suffer from Wernicke’s Aphasia and would still be able to produce language and speak fluently. However, they have difficulty understanding language, so they often say nonsense, words, or make up words and therefore produce speech that is meaningless.

Question 34

what did Wernicke propose about the language centres?

Answer 34

Vernick proposed that the language centres in the brain have different motor and sensory components. Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are connected by a neural loop.