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Locomotor System BDS1 > Locomotion > Flashcards

Locomotion Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system?

A

provides our basic shape, provides our support for the body, allows the muscular system to produce movement, protection of vital organs, holds us upright and makes sure everything is in the right place

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2
Q

what are the two functional parts of the skeletal system?

A

axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

what does the axial part of the skeleton consist of?

A

head, neck and trunk

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4
Q

what does the appendicular part of the skeleton consist of?

A

limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle

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5
Q

what is cartilage?

A

resilient, semirigid connective tissue

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6
Q

where is cartilage?

A

in areas for flexibility e.g. joints

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7
Q

what does articular cartilage do?

A

reduce friction

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8
Q

why does arthritis occur?

A

because articular cartilage wears away

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9
Q

comment on the vascularity of cartilage

A

avascular and gets blood supply from the outside

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10
Q

what are the functions of bone?

A

support, protection, mechanical basis, storage and production of new cells

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11
Q

what does bone store?

A

calcium

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12
Q

why is calcium needed?

A

to make sure the muscles contract and nerves conduct properly

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13
Q

where are new cells produced in the bone?

A

at the top and bottom of the bone

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14
Q

what are the two types of bone?

A

compact and spongy

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15
Q

describe the fibres in compact bone

A

squashed together and tightly packed together

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16
Q

describe the fibres in spongy bone

A

lots of spaces in between the fibres

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17
Q

what is the strength in compact bone for?

A

weight bearing

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18
Q

where is compact bone found in long bones?

A

down the middle of the shaft

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19
Q

what elevations do long bones have?

A

ridges, crests and tubercles

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20
Q

what shape are long bones and give examples of them?

A

tubular - femur, tibia, ulna, radius

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21
Q

what shape are short bones and give examples of them?

A

cuboidal - tarsus and carpus

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22
Q

what is the function of flat bones and give examples

A

protection - bones of skull (parietal, frontal, occipital and temporal)

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23
Q

what are irregular bones?

A

bones that don’t fit into any classifications e.g. bones of the face

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24
Q

where are the sesamoid bones and give an example

A

sit inside ligaments and an example is the patella

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25
what is the periosteum?
where the blood vessels get in
26
what are bone markings?
where tendons, ligaments or fascia is attached, and where arteries lie adjacent
27
what is a bone formation?
passage of a tendon to improve leverage
28
what is a capitulum and give an example of the bone it is found on
the knob at the end of a bone/cartilage e.g. humerus
29
what is a condyle and give an example of the bone it is found on
rounded protuberance at the end of some bones, forming articulation with another bone e.g. femur
30
what is a crest and give an example of the bone
raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone, often where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone e.g. iliac crest
31
what is an epicondyle?
protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone
32
what is a facet and give an example
small joints located between and behind adjacent vertebrae e.g. vertebra
33
what is a foramen and give an example of where one is found
an opening, hole or passage e.g. base of skull
34
what is a fossa and give an example of one
a depression or hollow e.g. scapula
35
what is a groove and give an example of what bone this is found on
furrow in the bone surface which runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces e.g. humerus
36
what is a head and give an example?
proximal end of the bone e.g femoral
37
what is a line and give an example of which bone it can be found on
narrow ridge of bone e.g. tibia
38
what is a malleolus and give an example of what bones they are found on
bony prominence on each side of the human ankle e.g. tibia and fibula
39
what is a notch and give an example of where this is found
v-shaped indentation e.g. pelvis
40
what is a protuberance and give an example of what bone this can be found on
something that sticks out e.g. occipital bone
41
what is a spine and give an example of where this is
column of bone e.g. scapula
42
what is the spinous process and state where this is found
bony projections off the posterior of each vertebra e.g. vertebra
43
what are trochanters and what bone are the found on
any of several bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper part of the thigh bone e.g. femur
44
what is a trochlea and where is it found?
an anatomical structure resembling a pulley, the articular surface of the bone e.g. humerus
45
what is a tubercle and give an example of which bone it can be found on
small rounded projection or protuberance e.g. humerus
46
what is a tuberosity and where can it be found
large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments e.g. tibia
47
what is the external occipital protuberance
the bit at the back of your head (bony lump)
48
what is the spine of scapula?
long line at back of scapula
49
why is the neck of the humerus more prone to fractures?
it is smaller and weaker
50
what bone is damaged in a hip fracture?
the neck of the femur
51
what is the greater sciatic notch?
indentation in the hip
52
what is the obturator foramen
hole where the obturator nerve comes through to supply the femur
53
what is the medial plane?
plane down the middle with equal left and right hand sides
54
what is the sagittal plane?
unequal left and right hand sides
55
what is the frontal/coronal plane
either equal or unequal front and back
56
what is the transverse/axial plane
perpendicular to all the other ones, used for CT scans
57
what does superficial mean?
something on the surface
58
what does deep mean?
deep under the surface
59
what does intermediate mean?
muscles because they are in between superficial and deep
60
what does proximal mean?
towards the centre
61
what does distal mean?
away from the centre
62
what does flexion mean?
reduction of joint angle, where there is not an obvious reduction it is where is is moved forwards, flexion of wrist is down, extension is upwards
63
what plane does supination and pronation refer to?
when it is going through the middle finger
64
what is abduction?
moving something away from the centre of the body
65
what is adduction
moving something inwards towards the body
66
what is lateral rotation?
spinning outwards
67
what is circumduction
being able to rotate upper limb 360degrees, being able to do all the movements at the same time, allows lower limbs to completely turn and change direction
68
what does mechanical arrangement mean?
minimal muscular activity
69
what is tonic contraction
when you are standing still
70
what is the swing phase of the gait cycle?
when you are unstable and you fall forward when you walk

Locomotor System BDS1 (8 decks)

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