Locomotion and Movement Flashcards
(43 cards)
Total number of bones in the human skeleton
206
Number of bones in axial skeleton
80
Number of bones in appendicular skeleton
126
Axial skeleton- what does it comprise of + number of bones in each whatever
- Skull- 29 bones
- Vertebral column- 26 bones
- Ribs- 24 bones
- Sternum- 1 bone
Appendicular skeleton- what does it comprise of + number of bones in each whatever
- Forelimbs- 60 bones
- Hindlimbs- 60 bones
- Girdles (Pectoral + Pelvic)- 6 bones
Skull- composition
like skull sub-bones (??)
- Cranium- 8 bones
- Facial- 14 bones
- Ear ossicles- 6 bones (!! 3 in each ear !!)
- Hyoid- 1 bone
Vertebral column- composition
Vertebral column sub-bones (??)
- Cervical- 7 bones
- Thoracic- 12 bones
- Lumbar- 5 bones
- Sacral- 1 –> 5 fused
- Coccyx- 1 –> 4 fused
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Cranial bones- number + names (+number)
8 Cranial bones
* Ethmoid- 1
* Frontal- 1
* Sphenoid- 1
* Parietal- 2 (paired)
* Temporal- 2 (paired)
* Occipital- 1
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Facial bones- number + names(+number)
14 facial bones
* Mandible- 1
* Maxilla- 2
* Palatine- 2
* Nasal- 2
* Lacrimal- 2
* Zygomatic- 2
* Inferior nasal concha- 2
* Vomer- 1
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Ear Ossicles- name
Malleus
Incus
Stapes (smallest bone in the human body)
3 on each side, 6 in total
Appendicular skeleton
No. of bones
Constituents + number of bones
Appendicular skeleton- 126 bones
* Forelimbs- 60 bones
* Hindlimbs- 60 bones
* Girdles- 6 bones
Forelimbs- no. of bones
Constituents + number of bones
Forelimbs- 60 bones (30 on each side)
* Humerus: 1x 2= 2
* Radius: 1 x 2= 2
* Ulna: 1 x 2= 2
* Carpels: 8 x 2= 16
* Metacarpals: 5 x 2= 10
* Phalanges: 14 x 2= 28
Hindlimb- number of bones
Constituents + number of bones
Hindlimb- 60 bones (30 on each side)
* Femur: 1 x 2= 2
* Tibia: 1 x 2= 2
* Fibula: 1 x 2= 2
* Patella: 1 x 2= 2
* Tarsals: 7 x 2= 14
* Metatarsals: 5 x 2= 10
* Phalanges: 14 x 2= 28
Types of joints
- Immovable joints (synarthrosis)
- Slightly movable joints (amphiarthrosis)
- Freely movable joints (diarthrosis)
Synarthrosis
- Immovable joints
- Joints that are fused for strength
- E.g. sutures in the skull
Amphiarthrosis
- Slightly movable joints
- Joints which bind bones together to make up the skeleton with limited movement
- E.g. cartilaginous joint between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Diarthrosis
- Freely movable joints
- Joints which allow for movement
- Also called Synvoial Joints
Synovial joints- structure
- Ends of articulating bone surfaces are covered with cartilage
- They remain separated from one another by a synovial cavity containing a viscous, slippery synovial fluid
- The fluid lubricates the bone for easy movement and reduces friction
Types of synovial joints + examples
- Ball and socket joints
E.g.: shoulder (head of the humerus and glenoid cavity) and hip joints (head of the femur and acetabulum) - Hinge joints
E.g.: Elbow joint, knee joint - Pivot joints
E.g.: Radius and ulna; neck - Gliding joints
E.g.: Wrist
Tendon
- Tough and non-flexible
- Joins muscles to bones
- Formed of white fibrous connective tissues and fibroblasts are arranged in rows
Ligament
- Elastic and flexible
- Joins bone to bone
- Formed of yellow fibrous tissues and fibroblasts are scattered in the matrix
Sarcoplasm
Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle
Sarcolemma
Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
