Locomotor System

Question 1

What is the locomotor system?

Answer 1

The system of movement consisting of bones, muscles, connective tissue, nerves, and joints.

The locomotor system allows us to move and perform various physical activities.

Question 2

What bones comprise the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Skull, spine, sternum, ribs, and hyoid bone.

The axial skeleton supports the central axis of the body.

Question 3

What bones create the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

The limbs, specifically the arms and legs.

The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and interaction with the environment.

Question 4

What is the periosteum?

Answer 4

The vascular covering of the bone.

It plays a crucial role in bone growth and repair.

Question 5

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 5

To transport oxygen throughout the body.

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and the spleen.

Question 6

Name two locations where red blood cells are produced.

Answer 6

Bone marrow and spleen.

These locations are essential for the formation and maturation of red blood cells.

Question 7

Name three functions of bone.

Answer 7

• Storage place for minerals
• Provide support
• Protection

Bones are vital for overall body structure and health.

Question 8

What is the definition of a joint?

Answer 8

A joint is where two bones come together.

Joints allow for movement and flexibility in the skeletal system.

Question 9

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 9

Keeps joints moist (aka healthy) promoting movement.

Synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints.

Question 11

Define connective tissue.

Answer 11

Connective tissue is any tissue that connects parts of the body and maintains, protects, and anchors.

Question 12

Name the six types of connective tissue detailed by Lasater.

Answer 12

1) Bones = hardest form
2) Cartilage = protective padding (3 types)
3) Synovial fluid

Question 13

What is the function of our nerves?

Answer 13

Nerves are the communicators within the body.

Question 14

Define CNS.

Answer 14

CNS = Central Nervous System = brain / spinal cord.

Question 15

Define PNS.

Answer 15

PNS = Peripheral Nervous System.

Question 16

Define SNS.

Answer 16

SNS = Sympathetic Nervous System = motor nerves (movement).

Question 17

What is the function of the ANS?

Answer 17

The ANS is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 18

Define PSNS.

Answer 18

PSNS = Parasympathetic Nervous System.

Question 19

What is the function of muscle?

Answer 19

Muscles function as the prime movers, creating movement and maintaining posture.

Question 20

Define concentric contraction.

Answer 20

Concentric contraction is a shortening contraction.

Question 21

Define eccentric contraction.

Answer 21

Eccentric contraction is a lengthening contraction.

Question 22

What is flexion?

Answer 22

Flexion is the decrease in angle between body parts.

Question 23

What is extension?

Answer 23

Extension is the increase in angle between body parts.

Question 24

What is internal rotation?

Answer 24

Internal rotation is the rotation of a bone towards the midline of the body.

Question 25

What is external rotation?

Answer 25

External rotation is the rotation of a bone away from the midline of the body.

Question 26

What is abduction?

Answer 26

Abduction is the movement away from the midline of the body.

Question 27

What is adduction?

Answer 27

Adduction is the movement towards the midline of the body.

Question 28

Define circumduction.

Answer 28

Circumduction is circular movement of a limb.

Question 29

What is supination?

Answer 29

Supination is outward rolling of the foot.

Question 30

What is pronation?

Answer 30

Pronation is inward rolling of the foot.

Question 31

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 31

Plantar flexion is the movement of the foot where toes point down.

Question 32

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 32

Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot where toes point upward towards the shin.

Question 34

What are the three planes of movement?

Answer 34

Coronal/Frontal Plane, Sagittal Plane, Transverse/Horizontal Plane ## Footnote The Coronal/Frontal Plane divides the body into front and back, the Sagittal Plane divides the body into right and left, and the Transverse/Horizontal Plane divides the body into upper and lower sections.

Question 35

Describe the Coronal/Frontal Plane.

Answer 35

Vertical plane that divides the body into front and back ## Footnote Movement is more efficient when muscles contract in the plane in which they lie.

Question 36

Describe the Sagittal Plane.

Answer 36

Vertical plane that runs parallel to the cerebral axis, dividing the body into right and left ## Footnote This plane is important for movements such as flexion and extension.

Question 37

Describe the Transverse/Horizontal Plane.

Answer 37

Parallel to the floor, divides the body into upper and lower sections ## Footnote This plane is significant for rotational movements.

Question 38

Identify a bony landmark: acromion.

Answer 38

Bony projection at the tip of the shoulder blade ## Footnote Located at the back of the scapula.

Question 39

Identify a bony landmark: coracoid process.

Answer 39

Small hook-shaped projection on the front surface of the scapula ## Footnote It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Question 40

Identify a bony landmark: sternoclavicular joint.

Answer 40

Joint at the junction of the clavicle and sternum ## Footnote This joint allows for movement of the shoulder girdle.

Question 41

Identify a bony landmark: spine of scapula.

Answer 41

Prominent, shelf-like plate running diagonally across the back of the scapula ## Footnote It is a key landmark for muscle attachment.

Question 42

Identify a bony landmark: iliac crest.

Answer 42

Bony ridge at the upper part of the ilium ## Footnote It is the curved superior border of the ilium.

Question 43

Identify a bony landmark: sacroiliac joints.

Answer 43

Joints between the sacrum and pelvis ## Footnote These joints are critical for weight transfer between the upper body and lower limbs.

Question 44

Identify a bony landmark: greater trochanter.

Answer 44

Bony prominence on the upper outer part of the femur ## Footnote It serves as an attachment point for muscles.

Question 45

Identify a bony landmark: medial malleolus.

Answer 45

Bump on the inner side of the ankle ## Footnote It is part of the tibia bone.

Question 46

Identify a bony landmark: lateral malleolus.

Answer 46

Bone on the outside of the ankle ## Footnote It is part of the fibula bone.