Loftus And Palmer

Question 1

What is a schema

Answer 1

Frame of work of knowledge about an aspect of the world

Question 2

What is the aim of Loftus and palmer

Answer 2

To investigate whether phrasing of a question can influence judgment of speed. Can changing a verb have any impact on speed estimates

Question 3

L+P experiment 1 was what design

Answer 3

Lavatory experiment using an independent measures design

Question 4

Define independent measures design

Answer 4

If two groups in an experiment consist of different individuals

Question 5

Independent measures benefits =

Answer 5

High control, accurate results, no demand characteristics

Question 6

Weaknesses for independent measures =

Answer 6

Lacks ecological validity, more p’s needed,

Question 7

How many participants in L+P experiment 1

Answer 7

45 American students

Question 8

The 45 American students were divided into

Answer 8

5 groups containing 9 p’s

Question 9

The 45 students were

Answer 9

Easy to obtain, reasonable starting size, likely to be willing to participate

Question 10

However 45 students were (negatives)

Answer 10

Not diverse, not ethnocentric, likely to be same academic level

Question 11

How many film clips were shown in L+P experiment 1

Answer 11

7 film clips

Question 12

How long did the 7 film segments last for

Answer 12

5mins 30 seconds

Question 13

How many of the seven crashes were staged

Answer 13

4 (so speed was known)

Question 14

How many questionnaires were given

Answer 14

Seven

Question 15

The questionnaires gained what type of data

Answer 15

Qualitative

Question 16

The independent variable in L+P experiment 1 was

Answer 16

The verb in the critical question

Question 17

How many groups in exp 1 L+P

Answer 17

5 groups of 9 students

Question 18

The five verbs in exp 1 critical questions were

Answer 18

Contacted, hit, bumped, collided, smashed

Question 19

Staged crashes (negatives)

Answer 19

Less realistic, less ecological validity

Question 20

Staged crashes positives

Answer 20

We know the exact speed

Question 21

Questionnaires (positives)

Answer 21

Qualatative + quantitative data

Question 22

Questionnaires (negatives)

Answer 22

People won’t take time to do them properly

Honesty (boredom)

Question 23

Mean speed estimate for smashed (exp 1)

Answer 23

40.8mph

Question 24

Mean speed estimate for contacted in exp 1

Answer 24

31.8mph

Question 25

Conclusion from L+ P exp 1

Answer 25

The more severe the verb the higher the mean speed estimate

Question 26

Conclusions of L+P exp 1

Answer 26

Response bias factors, form of question influences speed estimate

Question 27

How many p’s in L+P exp 2

Answer 27

150 students

Question 28

The 150 students in L+P exp 2 were divided into

Answer 28

3 groups of 50

Question 29

apparatus of exp 2 L+P (the film)

Answer 29

A film showing multiple crashes which lasted less than a minute

Question 30

The independent variable in L+P was the ________ of the question

Answer 30

Wording

Question 31

The three verbs used in experiment 2 were

Answer 31

Smashed, hit and the control group weren’t asked about speed.

Question 32

I’m exp 2 they returned a week later and were asked

Answer 32

Did you see any broken glass? (There was not)

Question 33

The dependent variable in exp 2 was

Answer 33

The answer to the question ‘did you see any broken glass’

Question 34

Mean estimate of speed for smashed in exp 2

Answer 34

10.46 mph

Question 35

Mean estimate of speed for hit in exp 2

Answer 35

8.0 mph

Question 36

The results of exp 2 showed that the verb has a

Answer 36

Significant effect on thinking there was broken glass

Question 37

The study of L+P concluded that the verb not only influenced speed estimates but increased the likely hood that

Answer 37

They thought there was broken glass