Logic Terms (doc)

Question 1

Universal

Answer 1

A concept that is not prevented from being shared or applied to many individuals

Question 2

Singular

Answer 2

A concept that is prevented from being shared or applied to many individuals

Question 3

Essential Universal

Answer 3

Says something about what a thing is

Question 4

Non-essential Universal

Answer 4

Says something about what belongs to a thing

Question 5

Genus

Answer 5

That which is said of many things differing in their realities

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

That which can be said of many things that differ by their individuals

Question 7

Specific Difference

Answer 7

a relation of universality of which something is predicated in a way that sets one thing apart from another

Question 8

Property

Answer 8

a relation of universality in virtue of which something is said of a species as belonging only, necessarily, and always to that species and to every individual of that species.

Question 9

Accident

Answer 9

when something is attributed to a species as that which belongs contingently to that species and to the individuals of that species

Question 10

What is the difference between properties and accidents?

Answer 10

Properties are specific, Accidents are general

Question 11

Subject

Answer 11

Location of the accidents or attributes

Question 12

Existence in a subject

Answer 12

Something that requires a subject in order to be at all i.e. accident.

Question 13

Predicable of a subject

Answer 13

Signifies that something we know can be said of or predicated of a subject

Question 14

Contradictory Opposition

Answer 14

A simple and perfect negation between being and non-being that uses the pre-fix non (cat/non-cat)

Question 15

Privative Opposition

Answer 15

a relationship of being and non-being that is in a subject (seeing and blind)

Question 16

Contrary Opposition

Answer 16

a relation of being and being that is in a subject (even and odd, hot and cold)

Question 17

Relative Opposition

Answer 17

a relation of being and being in which both opposites refer to one another (father and son, whole and part)

Question 18

Complete

Answer 18

Proximate genus

Question 19

Real definition

Answer 19

Proximate specific difference

Question 20

Deficient

Answer 20

Lacking a proximate genus

Question 21

Description

Answer 21

Property

Question 22

Definition

Answer 22

Complete Real definition: proximate genus + proximate specific difference

Complete Description: proximate genus + property

Deficient Real Definition: far genus + proximate specific difference

Deficient Description: composition of accidents or property

Question 23

Proposition

Answer 23

a complete composite expression that has the capacity for truth or falsity in and of itself

Question 24

Subject (a2)

Answer 24

the thing that one makes a judgment on, the thing being judged.

Question 25

Predicate

Answer 25

the judgment made on the subject.

Question 26

Verb Copula

Answer 26

a sign that joins the subject and the predicate.

Question 27

Mental Judgment

Answer 27

the mental decision of whether a proposition is true or false.

Question 28

Categorical Proposition

Answer 28

is a proposition that can be broken up into two parts, a subject and a predicate, such as “Zaid is a writer.”

Question 29

Compound/ hypothetical propositions

Answer 29

do not join two single parts together, rather they join two or more propositions together, such as “If it is daytime, then the sun has risen.”

Question 30

Affirmative Propositions

Answer 30

is when the predicate is joined with the subject i.e., composition.

Question 31

Negative Proposition

Answer 31

is when the predicate is separated from the subject i.e., division.

Question 32

Quantity of a proposition

Answer 32

is based on the quantity of the subject. the subject’s quantity will be the proposition’s quantity

Question 33

Singular Proposition

Answer 33

the subject is an individual, such as “Zaid is a man.”

Question 34

Universal (P)

Answer 34

that which can be predicated of many individuals

Question 35

Universal 1 Proposition

Answer 35

the subject is a universal, such as “every man is mortal,” “some men are not skilled in rhetoric,” “man is wise.”

Question 36

3 types of universal propositions

Answer 36

the particular, indefinite, and universal are determined by what is predicated of the universal subject.

Question 37

Universal Propositions (out of the 3)

Answer 37

the predicate is being predicated of the subject in a universal way, i.e., it is said of every individual, such as “every man is mortal,” and “No man is a duck.” Has “every” and “no” as quantifiers.

Question 38

Particular Proposition

Answer 38

the predicate is being predicated of the subject for some of the individuals or some individual, such as “some men are wise,” and “some man is wise.” Has “some” and “some…not” as quantifiers.

Question 39

Indefinite Proposition

Answer 39

the predicate does not specify whether it is a particular or a universal. Has no quantifiers, but has the value of a particular proposition.

Question 40

Matter of the proposition

Answer 40

relationship between the subject and the predicate.

Question 41

Necessary Matter

Answer 41

is found in a proposition when the predicate is in the subject i.e., belongs to the essence of the subject.

Question 42

Impossible Matter

Answer 42

is when the predicate does not belong to the subject, it is repugnant to the subject.

Question 43

Contingent Matter

Answer 43

is when the predicate is neither in the subject (in the essence) nor not belonging/repugnant to the subject.

Question 44

Simple Proposition

Answer 44

does not express its mode

Question 45

Modal Proposition

Answer 45

is a proposition that has its verb copula modified by a mode

Question 46

Mode

Answer 46

indicates how the predicate belongs or does not belong to the subject

Question 47

4 Modes

Answer 47

necessary, impossible, possible, and contingent

Question 48

What are the 10 Categories?

Answer 48

1. Substance 2. Quantity 3. Quality 4. Relation 5. Action 6. Being Passive (passivity) 7. When 8. Where 9. Position 10. Habit

Question 49

What are intension and Extension?

Answer 49

relates to the two principles 1. Dictum de omni 2. DIctum de nulo What the concept applies to