logical fallacies

Question 1

3 main parts of an argument

Answer 1

claim, grounds, warrants

Question 2

what’s a claim (toulmin)?

Answer 2

thesis, argument, question

Question 3

what are grounds (toulmin)?

Answer 3

reasons/justification for the claim

Question 4

what are warrants (toulmin)?

Answer 4

what makes evidence good

Question 5

3 forms of appeal

Answer 5

ethos, pathos, logos

Question 6

ETHos

Answer 6

ETHical

Question 7

pathos

Answer 7

emotional

Question 8

LOGos

Answer 8

logical

Question 9

syllogism

Answer 9

logical form of reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and conclusion

Question 10

deductive reasoning is analysis that moves from…

Answer 10

the general to particular

Question 11

inductive reasoning is analysis that goes from…

Answer 11

the particular to the general

Question 12

non sequitor

Answer 12

it does not follow

Question 13

appeal to authority

Answer 13

authority does not equal evidence

Question 14

appeal to celebrity

Answer 14

appeal to auth, where celebrity is substituted for evidence

Question 15

argumentum ad Hominem

Answer 15

personal attack

Question 16

begging the question

Answer 16

conclusion occurs within the premise/argument

Question 17

red herring

Answer 17

diversionary argument

Question 18

poisoning the well

Answer 18

discrediting an opponent before their argument is considered

Question 19

slippery slope

Answer 19

the first step will inevitably lead to disaster

Question 20

false analogy

Answer 20

asserting that A = B, when there are relevant differences

Question 21

argumentum ad misiercordum

Answer 21

appeal to misery

Question 22

post hoc ergo propter hoc translation

Answer 22

“after this, therefore this”

Question 23

post hoc ergo propter hoc

Answer 23

cause and effect fallacy where there is an error in reasoning between an event and its cause

Question 24

hasty generalization

Answer 24

stereotyping–judgment of a person or group based on a small survey group

Question 25

argument from ignorance

Answer 25

using what we don't/can't know as evidence

Question 26

false dichotomy

Answer 26

fallacy of either/or reasoning--offering two choices, when there are more

Question 27

equivocation

Answer 27

a fallacy of ambiguity--giving utterance to two different meanings at the same time

Question 28

many questions

Answer 28

"loaded question," a sentence camouflaged as a question that contains a false premise within its claim

Question 29

many questions are used to slip...

Answer 29

claims into the rhetoric without proving them

Question 30

straw man fallacy

Answer 30

ascribing a position to an opponent that they do not hold, then defeating that position

Question 31

argumentum ad nazium

Answer 31

criticizing a person or group by comparing them to Hitler or the Nazi Party

Question 32

reductio ad absurdam

Answer 32

following an argument to an absurd conclusion

Question 33

who loves ansh the most

Answer 33

aj !