Logical Fallacies Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is Argumentum ad Hominem?
Argument against the person, arguments attack a person’s character rather than reasoning through the issues.
What is the bandwagon or Ad Populum?
an argument that appeals to emotions or prejudices of a certain group, despite being logically unsound.
what is Non-Sequitur?
This fallacy draws conclusions from premises that do not necessarily apply.
what is the straw person argument?
arguments excessively simplify an opponent’s argument to argue against it more easily.
False Dichotomy?
The either/ or fallacy that makes the assumption that are only two alternatives.
what is Ad Misericordiam?
an argument that appeals to pity.
Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning)
occurs when a writer assumes that a statement under dispute is in fact true; such an argument is circular.
Sentimental Appeals
tug at an audience’s heart strings to the point of ignoring the facts, perhaps to keep the audience from disagreeing with the writer.
Equivocation (splitting hairs)
a statement that is partially correct but that purposely obscures the entire truth.
A Faulty Analogy
is an inaccurate, inappropriate, or misleading comparison between two things.
Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc
an argument assumes cazation based on the passing of time.
Ad Ignorantiam
an argument that claims something is true or false because there is no evidence to proof otherwise.
Reductio Ad Absurdum
a disproof by showing that the consequences of the proposition are absurd; or proof of a proposition by showing its negation leads to a contradiction
argumentum ad passiones
a logical fallacy characterized by the manipulation of the recipient’s emotions in order to win an argument, especially in the absence of factual evidence.
Slippery Slope
s a conclusion based on the premise that one small step will lead to a chain of events resulting in some significant event, which is usually negative.
Guilt by Association
occurs when someone connects an opponent to a demonized group of people or to a bad person in order to discredit his or her argument.
Appeal to Nature
because something is ‘natural’ it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good or ideal.
False Causation
occurs when the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably does not exist.
Appeal to Authority
Insisting that a claim is true simply because a valid authority or expert on the issue said it was true, without any other supporting evidence offered.
