Logical Reasoning Flashcards
(17 cards)
Premise Indicators
because, for, since, as, given that
Conclusion Indicators
therefore, accordingly, consequently, so, thus, hence, it follows that
Intermediate Conclusion
fulfills the argumentative role of both a premise & conclusion
Nested Claim
when someone besides the author makes a claim
Hybrid Argument
when the stimulus is only premises & a nested claim
Sufficient Indicators
if, when(ever), any(time), all, every(time), in order to, people who, each
Necessary Indicators
then, must, necessary, required, only (if), depends, need (to), have to, essential, precondition
in conditional statements means “not this AND not that”
neither/nor
-(the way things always are) -> exception
unless
Goes right before their target and their target goes straight in the sufficient condition
some
Some family
some, few, many, at least one, several, not all
Most family
most, usually, probably, mostly, more often than not
The assumption change
sufficient assumption -> conclusion true -> necessary assumption
Does the assumption prove the conclusion?
sufficient test
If the conclusion is true, must the assumption be true?
necessary test
Sufficient Assumptions
powerful, not boring, always prove the conclusion 100% true, if the conclusion is true this does not have to be true
Necessary Assumptions
provable, boring, do not always prove the conclusion 100% true, if the conclusion is true this has to be true
