London Case Study Flashcards
(39 cards)
what is the population of London?
8.7 million (making it the largest city in the UK)
why is London an important city?
1) responsible for 22% of the UK’s GDP
2) cultural centre of the UK (museums, nottinghill carnival etc.)
3) Headquarters of 100 of Europe’s 500 largest companies
4) Over 300 languages spoken (largest variety in world)
5) Major global financial centre (£100bn of trader per month)
what is national and international migration into London like?
Overall negative national migration and poitive international migration
how do migrants impact London?
1) More people paying taxes
2) Religious tension (brick lane mosque formerly synagogue and church)
3) Pressure on housing (40% of government housing goes to immigrants)
4) Reduced dependency ratio (25% of births in 2016 from migrants)
5) Increased cultural diversity (Notting Hill Carnival, Camden food market, etc.)
opportunities of urban change: integrated transport system
1) 2014 – 75 million on underground and buses
2) 6 international airports
3) Cross Rail East West opening in 2018
opportunities of urban change: employment
1) Average income in London is ₤20,000 higher than rest of UK
2) 100 of Europe’s 500 largest countries have their headquarters in London
3) High tech companies in Silicon Roundabout
4) Renowned for finance (£100bn of trades per month)
opportunities of urban change: cultural mix
1) Over 300 languages spoken (highest in world)
2) Over a third of London residents were born outside the UK
3) Increased diversity (Notting Hill Carnival, Camden food market)
opportunities of urban change: recreation
1) Home to 3 of the top 10 museums and galleries in the world
2) Over 250 festivals take place in London every year
3) 4 UNESCO world heritage sites (Tower of London, Maritime Greenwich, Westminster Palace and Kew’s Royal Botanic Gardens)
opportunities of urban change: urban greening
1) One of greenest cities in the world (47% = green space)
2) 8 royal parks
3) Over 8 million trees
challenges of urban change: urban deprivation
2 million people are living in poverty
challenges of urban change: environmental dereliction
1) Air pollution causes 4,000 deaths a year
2) Trying to implement more cycle superhighways (currently 15% cycling)
challenges of urban change: waste disposal
1) London produces 20 million tonnes/year
2) 25% of waste goes to landfills
3) Target is 0% by 2030
challenges of urban change: building on brownfield/greenfield sites
1) 20,000 new homes per year (London’s population is increasing by 100,000 a year)
2) Severe housing shortage = high prices
challenges of urban change: urban sprawl
1) Greenbelt designated in 1947 when risk of development
2) Now urban sprawl has shifted to commuter settlements outside the greenbelt
3) New housing estates and business parks encroach on surrounding countryside
challenges of urban change: inequality
All stats for Newham vs. Kensington and Chelsea:
1) life expectancy- 78 vs. 83
2) unemployment - 3.9% vs. 9.4%
what are the pros and cons of building on brownfield sites?
PROS: 1) old industry needs demolishing 2) less urban sprawl 3) public transport there 4) can improve environment CONS: 1) land expensive
why did the Lower Lea Valley need regeneration?
1) Newham, in the east end of London was said to be most deprived borough in England
2) Low skilled population
3) over 4,000 living in temporary accommodation
what were the main features of the regeneration project in the Lower Lea Valley?
1) 2800 new homes with 10 hectares of park and open space
2) improved transportation with: Stratford International, Stratford regional rail and tube lines
3) 12,000 permenant jobs created in the Olympic Park alone
4) Westfield Stratford City is the largest urban shopping center in Europe
5) New School for 1800 students opened
What percentage of the UK’s GDP does London produce?
22%
How many of Europe’s 500 largest companies are located in London?
100
How many trades are made per month in London?
£100 billion worth of trades
What percentage of government housing goes to immigrants?
40%
How much higher is the average income in London than the rest of the UK?
£20,000 higher
Where are high tech companies in London locates?
In the silicon roundabout (shoreditch)
