Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP world History > Long 19th Century > Flashcards

Long 19th Century Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

First estate

A

Clergy (the church)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Second estate

A

Nobility (knights)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Third estate

A

Everyone else & peasants, farmers, wealthy business class

Demanded equal taxation & constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The National Assembly

A

Had a meeting with clergy, nobility & commoners

Voting was unfair, commoners broke away & created the National Assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The attack of the Bastille

A

Start of the French Revolution
—> National Assembly met in Paris, but the king threatened to arrest leaders
—> attack of bastille (prison symbolizing abuses of monarchy & corrupt aristocracy)
—> king was forced to accept National Assembly as being in charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

King Louis XVI

A

Last king of France before monarchy fell during the French Revolution
—> first French Republic (refused to accept limited monarchy)
—> dissatisfaction of jacobins (left wing to end King Louis XVI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First French Republic

A

Refused to accept limited monarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jacobins

A

Left-wing group to end king Louis XVI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gilbert Du Motier/Lafayette

A

Helped colonist against British & financially aided the American Revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The March on Versailles

A

Women’s March on liberal political reforms & constitution monarchy
—> ended kings independence & signified change in power & reforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The flight to Varennes

A

Royal family’s unsuccessful escape from Paris
—> queen & king against Revolution
—> execution of King Louis XVI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Brunswick Manifesto

A

Promised that if Louis XVI was not harmed, allies would not harm civilians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laws of Maximum

A

Government control of prices, taxed the rich, assistance to poor & free education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Comte de Murabeau

A

Declaration of rights of man and of citizen (civil rights to some commoners)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and if the Citizen

A

Civil rights to some commoners

—> same time: abolishment of feudalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

Attempt to reorganize the Catholic Church on a national basis
—> caused Catholics to turn against the Revolution
—> religious split

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Legitimized actions from holding a referendum (popular vote)
—> created the legion of honor (rewards most deserving citizens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Legion of Honor

A

Rewards most deserving citizens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The concordat

A

Reunión between (Napoleon’s) revolutionaries & Catholics

—> Catholic Church as major church of France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

Authority of men stronger, deprived women of individual rights
—> model for many lawns in European states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

University of France

A

Curriculum centered on patriotism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Continental System

A

Strategy to weaken Britain’s economy by banning trade
—> ineffective & led to the fall of Napoleon
—> invaded Russia to enforce policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Guerilla Warfare in the Peninsula War

A

Armed civilians vs Napoleon’s Army in Spain & Portugal

—> Napoleon’s forced pushed out of Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Georges Danton

A

French Revolution & president of committee of safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Maximilien Robespierre
French Revolution & president of national convention & committee of public safety
26
Congress of Vienna
Peace plan for Europe to establish a balance of powers | —> territorial changes kept Europe stable for almost 50 years
27
Simon Bolivar
Latin American revolutionary leader
28
José de San Matin
Argentinian general & won independence in Chile against Spain
29
Guayaquil Conference
Meeting between José de San Martin and Bolivar to discuss the future of Peru —> disagreed —> De San Martin desired a monarchy & Bolivar desired a Republican government
30
Diderot
Contributed to ideas of the French Revolution through essays
31
Voltaire
Religious freedom (separation of church & state)
32
Montesquieu
Checks and balances & different branches of government
33
Direct rule
Central governments control the country (foreign affairs)
34
Indirect rule
Central government has power, but so do local governments
35
Communism
Equal distribution, public ownership
36
Capitalism
Industries controlled by private owners rather than the state
37
Thomas Hobbes
Social contract
38
Jean-Jacques Rosseau
Expanded social contract & will of the people
39
John Locke
Natural rights & right to overthrow the government
40
Enclosure movement
Large landowners forced small landowners to give up and move to cities (industrialization)
41
Kind George III of Britain
Victory in seven years’ war & lost American colonies/ revolution —> seven years’ war (British vs France power in North America)
42
Seven years’ war
British vs France over power in North America | —> ended with Treaty of Paris
43
Treaty of Paris
Ended the Seven Years’ War
44
Cecil Rhodes
Imperialist in Southern Africa driving annexations & diamonds for global trade
45
Adam Smith
Laissez-faire economics, free market & capitalism (Laissez-faire —> no government interference in economics)
46
Laissez-faire
No government interference in economics
47
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism (actions are right if they benefit a majority)
48
Utilitarianism
actions are right if they benefit a majority
49
Thomas Paine
Advocate for U.S. freedom from Britain & anti-church
50
Nat Turner
Held a rebellion of enslaved people
51
Dutty Boukman
Leader of Haitian Revolution
52
Simon Bolivar
Latin American revolutionary leader who pushed enlightenment ideas in Latin America
53
José de San Martin
Argentinian general & won independence in Chile against Spain
54
Guayaquil Conference
Meeting between José de San Martin and Bolivar to discuss the future of Peru —> disagreed —> De San Martin desired a monarchy & Bolivar desired a Republican government
55
What did De San Martin desire
A monarchy
56
What did Bolivar desire
A Republican government
57
Karl Marx
Communism | —> Marxism
58
Marxism
Communism under Karl Marx
59
Otto Von Bismarck
Prussia (Germany)
60
Matthew Commodore Perry
U.S. naval officer who forced Japan into imperialism
61
Zaibatsu
Large influence on Japanese economy & industrialization
62
Meiji Restoration
Dissolution of Japan’s feudal system & restoration of new imperial system
63
Russo-Japanese War
War between Russia and Japan for territorial dominance (Korea & Manchuria) —> Japan won & gained power
64
King Leopold II
Established Congo Free State by seizing African Land for personal possession —> brutal treatment of Native Americans in the Congo
65
Metternich
Attempted to restore European politics to a pre-revolutionary state
66
What was the American Revolution inspired by?
The enlightenment
67
Physiocrats
Believed agriculture was the source of wealth & agricultural products should be priced high
68
Declaration of Independence
Colonists’ fight against British rule & rights to life, liberty, & the persist of happiness —> Thomas Jefferson borrowed enlightenment ideas from John Locke
69
How did _______ write the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence by videoing enlightenment ideas from John Locke
70
Reign of Terror
Government executed opponents of the revolution | —> Napoleon became emperor, powerful police system (limited freedom of expression), religious freedom
71
What enlightenment ideas did the revolutions portray?
That men had natural rights as citizens - Haitian Revolution - Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - Simon Bolivar - declaration of independence (Connecting to John Locke)
72
What did Simon Bolivar do?
Was a Latin American revolutionary leader who pushed enlightenment ideas in Latin America
73
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Slave revolt leader, established constitution & independent government
74
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Haitian Declaration of Independence
75
Creole
Desire for independence from Spain | —> wealthy business owners who opposed Spain’s mercantilism (required colonists to only buy and sell goods to Spain)
76
Mercantilism
required colonists to only buy and sell goods to Spain
77
Jamaica letter
Desire for Latin American unity & vision for a Republican government
78
Caudillos
Leaders with regional power bases that disregarded representative forms of government —> constitutions of newly independent countries ended social differences & abolished slavery
79
Lola Rodríguez de Tío
Poet during an era of low opportunities for women | —> critiqued Spain’s tule over Puerto Rico & home became meeting place for revolutionary thinkers
80
José Rizal
Advocated for great autonomy (self-government) for the Philippines —> executed which caused nationalist movement which led to Philippine Revolution
81
Seneca Falls Convention
Women’s suffrage movement
82
Mary Wollstonecraft
Advocated for women’s rights
83
Cecil Rhodes
Imperialist in Southern Africa driving annexations & diamonds for global trade
84
White Man’s Burden
Belief that Europeans had responsibility to civilize Africans
85
Berlin conference
Sought to end European competition by dividing Africa
86
Suez Canal
Powerful trade location to India
87
Sepoy Mutiny
Uprising against British rule in India | —> caused by a rumor that pig fat was being used in ammunition
88
Sphere of Influence
One country claims exclusive rights of a different country | —> European powers control over economics
89
Treaty of Nanking
Ended first opium war | —> Britain made China pay for losses & Britain gained Hong Kong
90
British Raj
British rule over India
91
Sepoys
Indian soldiers serving under British order
92
Boers
``` South African (“farmers”) that spoke Afrikaaner —> against Christian missionaries, Kung Fu fighters, against Europeans in China ```
93
Open Door Policy
All countries had equal trade with China
94
Opium Wars
Two wars between China & Western powers against British merchants who sold Opium in China
95
Tailing Rebellion
Revolt against Qing Dynasty in China over economic issues in China
96
Sino-Chinese War
Wat between China & Japan over influence on the Korean Peninsula
97
Apartheid
Separation of whites and blacks socially & politically in South Africa
98
Menelik II
Emperor of Ethiopia | —> won battle of area & won independence for Ethiopia against Italian forced
99
Tokugawa Shogunate
Government of Japan who held peace and prosperity for over 250 years —> worked to close for Japanese society from western influences
100
Sengoku period
Period of political upheaval and war in Japan between feudal Lorda for land & power
101
Treaty of Kanagwa
Signed of U.S. commodore Perry with the Japanese government to open the ports of Japan
102
Extraterritoriality
Foreign powers are not subject to local laws
103
Father de Oliveira
Brazilian independence against Portuguese
104
Ottomanism
Uniting the Ottoman Empire to prevent its collapse
105
Battle of Plassey
British East India Company (led by Robert Clive) defeated governor of Bengal —> British were given control of area
106
Britain transported large numbers of _____to Australia
Criminals
107
Emilio Aguinaldo
led revolutionary movement against the Spanish & faught U.S. presence in Philippines
108
Maroon societies
Runaway slave communities
109
Confucianism
Chinese belief system based off of morality & ethics

AP world History (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions