Long And Short Term Effects Of Exercise Flashcards
What systems work together to supply energy to the working muscles and remove waste products from the body when taking part in exercise ?
cardiovascular, respiratory, energy and muscular systems
What happens when the cardiovascular, respiratory, energy and muscular systems all work together ?
Supply energy to the working muscles and remove waste products
What happens when the muscles start to work ?
they need more oxygen so the respiratory system responds by getting more oxygen into the lungs
What happens when the blood carries greater amounts of oxygen ?
the heart responds to pump more oxygenated blood around the body
What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system ?
Increase in stroke volume (SV); increase in heart rate (HR); increase in cardiac output (Q); increase in blood pressure (BP); redistribution of blood flow
What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system ?
Increase in breathing rate (f); increase in tidal volume (TV); increase in minute ventilation (VE)
What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system ?
Increase in oxygen uptake and transport to the working muscles; increase in carbon dioxide removal
What are the short term effects of exercise on the energy system ?
Increase in lactic acid (lactate) production
What are the short term effects of exercise on the muscular system ?
Increase in temperature of muscles; increased pliability (elasticity); muscle fatigue
What happens after exercise ?
the muscles need to rest, adapt and recover
What happens if the muscles don’t rest, adapt and recover after exercise ?
There is a risk of injury if the body is not rested for long enough after exercise. This concept can be better understood by studying the Principles of training
What happens during exercise ?
the cardiovascular system redistributes the blood so that more of it goes to the working muscles and less of it goes to other body organs such as the digestive system. This redirection of blood flow is caused by a mechanism (or process) called the vascular shunt mechanism.
What is the vascular shunt mechanism ?
The blood vessels allow lots of blood to travel to the working muscles but they don’t allow much to travel to other organs. When the muscles stop working, the blood distribution returns to its normal route
Why do we have to warm up before sports ?
This allows the body systems to make all these changes gradually, so they are fully prepared for the stresses placed upon them during the activity.
Why is a person less likely to strain a muscle if they have warmed up before taking part in exercise?
Warming up increases the temperature of the muscles which makes them more pliable and therefore more likely to stretch rather than tear
