Long parliament: attempts at limiting Charles I

Question 1

public sentiment against what members was high

Answer 1

against bishops

Question 2

what did 12 bishops sign in December and what did it consist of

Answer 2

signed a protestation complaining that mobs had ‘violently menaced’ and intimidated them from appearing in the House of Lords

Question 3

how did Pym react to the protestation signed by the 12 bishops

Answer 3

• he used the petition as a pretext
• twelve bishops were imprisoned

Question 4

what error did Charles make involving the 12 bishops and what was the consequence

Answer 4

• Charles decided to march on parliament with armed guards to arrest Pym and four other parliamentary leaders who slipped out
• the speaker refused to point out the members
• and Charles was forced to leave London

Question 5

to who was the Root and Branch petition presented to and who signed it

Answer 5

• presented to the long parliament
• signed by 15,000 Londoners

Question 6

what did the root and branch petition call parliament to do

Answer 6

to abolish episcopacy (the hierarchical church government) from the root and in all its branches

Question 7

who was the anger felt by the public directed at during the petitioning of the root and branch petition

Answer 7

not towards the King but towards the evil advisors around the King

Question 8

who was the ten propositions passed by and what was it a basis of

Answer 8

• passed by the commons and lords
• a basis for settlement between king and parliament

Question 9

when were the ten propositions presented

Answer 9

June 1641

Question 10

what did parliament ask for control over in the ten propositions

Answer 10

• appointment of King’s ministers
• education of King’s children
• removal of catholics from the Queens household and court
• army had to be disbanded before Charles left for Scotland

Question 11

what was Charles’s reaction to the ten propositions and why

Answer 11

• he rejected them outright
• the idea that a monarch shouldn’t be able to choose his own advisors was without precedent
• he was stubborn and left for Scotland

Question 12

how did the attitudes of some moderate MPs, who previously supported Pym, change

Answer 12

they feared he was going beyond simply restoring constitutional balance between King and parliament

Question 13

what did Pym come to dominate and what was he nicknamed

Answer 13

• he dominated the long and short parliament
• came knows as ‘King Pym’

Question 14

what was the main aim of Pym

Answer 14

to find balance between the power of crown and power of parliament

Question 15

what did Pym, along with other Puritans, believe about Charles

Answer 15

believed that Charles’s attempt to set up a deposit government during the 1630s was associated with a Roman Catholic plot to destroy the protestant faith in England

Question 16

what was Pym’s first step towards saving the nations liberties and religion

Answer 16

persecuting the Earl of Stafford and Laud

Question 17

why did Pym introduce the Bill of Attainder

Answer 17

as it became clear that the Lords would acquit Strafford

Question 18

what did the Bill of Attainder allow and why was it passed

Answer 18

• allowed for a trial without punishment
• was passed due to the fears of a first army catholic plot that would save Strafford and overthrow the King

Question 19

what did Pym and his ‘junto’ play a leading role in

Answer 19

a leading role in the impeachment proceedings that led to the execution of Strafford was was accused of being Catholic and manipulating Charles, along other things

Question 20

what did the Triennial act lay down

Answer 20

parliament must be called within 3 years of its previous dissolution

Question 21

what was abolished as an attempt to undo the personal rule

Answer 21

• court of star chamber
• high commission

Question 22

what was declared illegal as an attempt to undo the personal rule

Answer 22

methods used to raise finance under the personal rule, such as distraint of knighthood and ship money

Question 23

what did an act for perpetual parliament lay down

Answer 23

that parliament couldn’t be dissolved without consent

Question 24

what did opposition to the king seek to reorder and why

Answer 24

• sought to reorder the church of England
• after Lauds arrest in Nov 1640, bishops and wider Arminian influences were attacked

Question 25

who did bishops in the House of Lords support and what was the consequence

Answer 25

• bishops supported the King
• which delayed or stopped the reforms which Pym and his junto wanted

Question 26

how many bishops were there in the house of lords and who were they appointed by

Answer 26

• 22 bishops
• majority were appointed by Charles

Question 27

what was the basis of the Bishops exclusion Bill in May 1641

Answer 27

leaders of the opposition sought to force the king to remove the bishops from privy council and exclude them from the House of Lords

Question 28

what was Pym’s reaction to the rejection of the Bishops exclusion Bill in May 1641

Answer 28

he was determined to remove bishops and catholics from the house of lords

Question 29

when did Irish catholics launch a rebellion

Answer 29

in October/November 1641

Question 30

what news about Irish catholics reach England and who was it spread by

Answer 30

• news of catholic atrocities in Ireland reached English and Scottish protestant settlers
• Puritan press circulated graphic accounts

Question 31

what did the Irish catholic rebellion and the reports of the atrocities against the protestants revive in relation to Pym

Answer 31

it revived Pym’s fortunes as they gave credence to his claims of the existence of a wider catholic conspiracy to destroy protestantism in England

Question 32

what was the Grand remonstrance and who was it introduced by

Answer 32

• introduced by Pym
• demanded radical constitutional change - the radical reform of the church, exclusion of bishops and catholic peers from the lords, parliamentary control of the kings ministers - that would cut back the royal prerogative

Question 33

how was the grand remonstrance passed

Answer 33

• it couldn’t be voted on individually
• document stood or fell as a single item