Long Term Conditions Flashcards

Question

Differential diagnosis of COPD

Answer 1

``` Asthma Bronchiectasis Heart failure Lung cancer ILD Anaemia TB Cystic fibrosis Upper airway obstruction ```

Answer 2

Sustained worsening of person's symptoms from usual stable state - acute in onset

Answer 3

Respiratory tract infections - commonly rhinovirus Smoking Enviromental pollutants

Answer 4

Increased breathlessness Increased cough Increased sputum production and change in colour

Answer 5

``` Pneumonia PE Pneumothorax Acute heart failure Pleural effusion Cardiac ischemia/arrhythmia Lung cancer Upper airway obstruction ```

Answer 6

``` Stop smoking Pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations Pulmonary rehabilitation SABA or SAMA to increase exercise tolerance LABA or LAMA ```

Answer 7

``` Increase dose or frequency of SABA Oral corticosteroids - 30mg oral prednisolone Antibiotics - amoxicillin - doxycycline - clarithromycin ```

Answer 8

Chronic respiratory condition associated with airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness

Answer 9

``` PMH/FH of atopic disease Male sex for pre-pubertal asthma Female sex for persistence of asthma from childhood to adulthood Respiratory infections in infancy Exposure to tobacco smoke Premature birth and low birth weight Obesity Social deprivation Exposure to inhaled particles Workplace exposure ```

Answer 10

``` Death Respiratory complications - irreversible airway changes - pneumonia - pulmonary collapse - respiratory failure - pneumothorax Imparied QoL - fatigue - underperformance and time off school/work ```

Answer 11

``` Wheeze - expiratory polyphonic Cough Breathlessness Chest tightness Episodic, diurnal and triggered/exacerbated by exercise, viral infections or exposure to cold air or allergens ```

Answer 12

FEV1/FVC greater than 70% Bronchodilator reversibility Variable peak expiratory flow readings

Answer 13

``` Bronchiectasis COPD Ciliary dyskinesia Cystic fibrosis Dysfunctional breathing Foreign body aspiration GORD Heart failure ILD Lung cancer Pertussis PE TB Upper airway cough syndrome Vocal cord dysfunction ```

Answer 14

``` No daytime symptoms No night-time waking No need for rescue medication No asthma attacks No limitations on exercise Normal lung function Minimal side effects from medication ```

Answer 15

``` Personalised asthma plan Routine vaccinations Inhaler technique Inhaled SABA - reliever ICS - preventer LTRA ```

Answer 16

Necrosis of section of myocardial tissue due to ischaemia

Answer 17

``` Male sex Advancing age Socioeconomic status Geographical location - highest in scotland, lowes in england Obesity Smoking Hyopetesnion Hypercholesterolaemia DM FH ```

Answer 18

``` Acute heart failure Chronic heart failure Post-infarction angina Stroke Depression Anxiety Sudden death ```

Answer 19

``` Relevant lifestyle changes reduce risk - stop smoking - cardioprotective diet - physically active - weight loss - alcohol less than 14 units Cardiac rehabilitation programme Medications - ACEi - aspirin + clopidogrel/ticagrelor - beta-blocker - statin ```

Answer 20

Systolic over 140 | Diastolic over 90

Answer 21

1 - 140/90 to 159/99 2 - 160/100 to 180/120 3 - over 180/120

Answer 22

``` Age Sex Ethnicity Social deprivation Lifestyle Anxiety and emotional stress ```

Answer 23

``` HF Coronary artery disease Stroke Chronic kidney disease Peripheral arterial disease Vascular dementia ```

Answer 24

``` Haematuria Urine albumin:creatinine ratio HbA1c Electrolytes, creatinine and eGFR 12-lead ECG Serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol - CVS risk ```

Answer 25

``` Renal disorders - chronic pyelonephritis - diabetic nephropathy - glomerulonephritis - PCKD - obstructive uropathy - renal cell carcinoma Vascular - coarctation of aorta - renal artery stenosis Endocrine - primary hyperaldosteronism - phaeochromocytoma - cushing's syndrome - acromegaly - hypothyroidism - hyperthyroidism Drugs - alcohol - ciclosporin - COCP - corticosteroids - erythropoietin - NSIADs ```

Answer 26

``` Lifestyle advice - diet and exercise - reduce caffeine - reduce dietary sodium - smoking cessation - reduce alcohol consumption Drug management - ACEi/ARB - CCB - over 55 or black African/Afro-Caribbean - thiazide-like diuretic ```

Answer 27

Ability of heart to maintain the circulation of blood is impaired as a result of structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection

Answer 28

``` Ejection fraction - heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HR-REF) - heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HR-PEF) Time course - acute - chronic Symptomatic severity - 1-4 ```

Answer 29

``` Myocardial disease - coronary artery disease - hypertension - cardiomyopathies Valvular heart disease Pericardial disease Congestive heart disease Arrhythmias High output states - anaemia - thyrotoxicosis - phaeochromocytoma - septicaemia - liver failure - thiamine deficiency Volume overload - end-stage chronic kidney disease - nephrotic syndrome Obesity Drugs - alcohol - cocaine - NSAIDs ```

Answer 30

``` Cardiac arrhythmias - AF - ventricular arrhythmias Depression Cachexia CKD Sexual dysfunction Sudden cardiac death ```

Answer 31

Breathlessness Fluid retention Fatigue, decreased exercise tolerance, increased recovery time after exercise Light headedness or history of syncope Tachycardia Laterally displaced apex beat, heart murmurs or 3rd/4th heart sounds Raised JVP Enlarged liver Tachypnoea, basal crepitations, pleural effusions

Answer 32

Relive fluid overload - loop diuretic ACEi Beta-blocker Consider statin and antiplatelet

Long Term Conditions Flashcards

(56 cards)