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Long Test Q2 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

During the_____ geologists and the naturalists found several forms of physical evidence that confirmed that Earth is very old.

A

1800s

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2
Q

The universe is about____ years old.

A

13.8

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3
Q

The formation of the Earth along with other planets of our solar system is believed to have occurred some______ billion years ago. .

A

4.6

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4
Q

Life on Earth however, probably began only between ____billion years ago.

A

3.5 and 4.0

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5
Q

The early Earth is said to be violent because of the meteorites and volcanic eruptions. With this condition, zircon crystal Was formed.

A

4.6 to 3.8 Billion Years Ago

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6
Q

Life on earth initially began with prokaryotes, discovered in sedimentary rock formations called stromatolites

A

3.5 billion Years Ago

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7
Q

The first photosynthetic organism thrived the earth which is blue green algae called cyanobacteria.

A

3.0 billion Years Ago

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8
Q

Appearance of the first eukaryotes appeared and the influx of multicellular organisms occurred 1.2 billion years ago.

A

2.0 billion Years Ago

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9
Q

Paleozoic era -during the Cambrian and Ordovician. trilobites and cephalopods became dominant in
the ocean

A

500 million years ago

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10
Q

Paleozoic era -during the Cambrian and Ordovician. trilobites and cephalopods became dominant in
the ocean

A

500 million years ago

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11
Q

The Mesozoic era is the age of reptiles that has a span of 251 10 65.5 MYA divided into Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaneous
period

A

251 to 65.5 million years ago

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12
Q

The Cenozoic -era recent life and based on paleontological evidence Homo erectus have evolved

A

250 thousand years ago

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13
Q

are unicellular organism that lacks a nuclear membrane-enclosed nucleus.

A

Prokaryotes

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14
Q

are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotes

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15
Q

The rise of reptiles and the first dinosaurs

A

Triassic Period (245-200 million years ago)

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16
Q

From about 200 million to 145 million years ago, ushered in birds and mammals

A

Jurassic Period (200-145 million years ago)

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17
Q

It is known for its iconic dinosaurs, such as Triceratops, and pterosaurs such as Pteranodon.

A

Cretaceous Period (145-65 million years ago)

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18
Q

(meaning “upright man”) extinct species of human ancestors

A

Homo erectus

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19
Q

A___ is a system of chemicals and processes. It

is the basic unit of life.

A

cell

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20
Q

A____ includes organs that interact.

A

body system

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21
Q

An_______ includes living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) things that interact.

A

ecosystem

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22
Q
  • determines function.
  • is the shape of the object
A

Structure

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23
Q

The ____ is the object’s specific role.

A

function

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24
Q

is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

A

Homeostasis

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25
is the change in living things over time. The genetic makeup of a population of a species changes. It accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.
Evolution
26
The continuity of life depends on the inheritance of biological information in the form of _____
DNA molecules.
27
The _______ is encoded in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA.
genetic information
28
is necessary part of living; process of making more of one's own kind.
Reproduction
29
deals with the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment.
Ecology
30
use a source of energy for their metabolic activities
Living organisms
31
Some living organisms use ____ stored in molecules obtained from food.
chemical energy
32
is defined as the formation of new individuals from the cells of a single parent.
Asexual reproduction
33
does not involve the union of gametes (sperm cell and egg cell) and it does not change the number of chromosomes present. The resulting offspring is similar or identical to the parent and without the need for a mate, they are able to reproduce.
Asexual reproduction
34
It is the simplest and most common method of asexual reproduction. It is the method by which prokaryotes produce new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent organism.
Binary Fission
35
Example: Bacteria, viruses
Binary fission
36
Pieces of the parent breaks off and develops into a new organism.
Fragmentation
37
Planaria, Star fish
Fragmentation
38
where the new organism (offspring) grows as an outgrowth from the body of the parent which eventually develop into a new organism
Budding
39
Hydra
Budding
40
It is derived from the Greek word. It is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm.
Parthenogenesis
41
Parthenos
"virgin"
42
Genesis which means
creation
43
Example: some reptiles, insects, and some fishes
Parthenogenesis
44
is the perpetuation of a new organism from two organism with the use gametes. In this process male gametes which is the sperm cell fuses with a female gamete known as the egg cell to form a diploid cell called zygote containing two sets of chromosomes.
Sexual reproduction
45
refers to a mode of reproduction in which animals lay eggs. These eggs are released to the external environment. Thus, the embryos develop outside the mother's body. Here, the egg yolk nourishes the developing embryo. Since the eggs are released to the environment, they possess a hard shell to protect from damages. Oviparous animals show internal fertilization. But their embryo development takes place externally.
Oviparity
46
Example: chicken, lizard
Oviparity
47
- refers to the laying of eggs and keeping them inside the mother animal's body until they are hatched. In other words - is a mode of reproduction in which embryos develop inside eggs that are retained within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch.
Ovoviviparity
48
Example: snake, duck
Ovoviviparity
49
refers to the mode of reproduction in which animals directly give birth to young ones. Therefore, viviparous animals give birth to young ones without laying eggs. The fertilization takes place internally inside the female organism. Moreover, the embryo has a placental connection and gets the nourishment from the mother. The fetus development occurs inside the womb of the mother, and once it completes the development, the mother delivers the offspring. Mammals including humans, dogs, cats and elephants, etc. are viviparous. Moreover, some fish, reptiles and amphibians are viviparous.
Viviparity
50
Example: human, whale, cats, dogs, elephant, fish, reptiles and amphibians
Viviparity
51
A ____ is a collection of cells
tissue
52
A____ is a collection of tissue
Organs
53
A_____is a collection of organs
Organ system
54
A____is a collection of organ system
Organism
55
- We are the most amazing organism of all living things who carries out some functions. - are interdependent, interconnected, and packaged together in a relatively small space. Animals are complex organisms with systems and processes that allow them to carry out activities to remain in the living condition.
ORGAN SYTEM
56
composed Heart (primary), blood vessels, and capillaries
Circulatory system
57
IT COMPOSED OF BRAIN, SPINAL CORD
Central nervous system
58
has evolved in increasing complexity throughout the different groups of animals. Connections among the neurons has increased, as seen in the development of the nervous system from a simple nerve net to a system with ganglia (group of neuron) to encephalize organisms where concentration of neurons are centered in a head.
The nervous system
59
composed of corresponding structures outside of this two organs of the nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system
60
IT COMPOSED OF NOSE, TRACHEA, LUNGS
Respiratory system
61
has a branched network of tracheal tube which responds to the problem of decreased surface area in the respiratory structure.
The tracheal system of insects
62
Compared to insects, mammals and other organisms have respiratory system that work together with their circulatory system. Gases are transported via the bloodstream and are exchanged via diffusion.
The mammalian respiratory system
63
The alternating process of inhalation and exhalation. There are two mechanisms of breathing, one is positive breathing and the other is negative breathing. In positive breathing air is pushed into the lungs, such as in frogs.
Terrestrial ventilation
64
it is composed of esophagus, Stomach, instestines
Digestive system
65
IT COMPOSED OF BONES, TENDONS, CARTILAGES
Skeletal system
66
IT COMPOSED OF MUSCLES, TISSUES
Muscular system
67
IT COMPOSED OF LYMPHNODES
Lymphatic system
68
It is composed of Gall bladder, kidney
Urinary system
69
IT COMPOSED OF GLANDS
Endocrine system
70
is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves artificial manipulation, modification or altering of genes.
Genetic engineering/ genetic modification
71
is a process when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits such as Angus cows are bred to increase more meat
Selective breeding
72
are when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms like the disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato.
Hybridizations
73
is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure breeds.
Inbreeding
74
is the process of chemically cutting DNA in order to add bases to the DNA strand.
Gene splicing
75
Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection of the perfect vector enzymes (either plasmid or bacteriophage) with which the gene has to be integrated, thus recombinant DNA is formed.
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

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