Low back pain and sciatica Flashcards
(14 cards)
What area is affected in low back pain without radiculopathy?
The lumbosacral area (T12 to iliac crest), possibly spreading to buttocks.
What percentage of low back pain cases are non-specific?
90–95%.
How is acute vs chronic low back pain defined?
Acute: < 3 months; Chronic: ≥ 3 months.
Name three risk factors for non-specific low back pain.
Obesity, inactivity, heavy lifting (others: stress, depression).
List 3 red flags that require urgent referral in low back pain.
Trauma, bladder/bowel dysfunction, saddle anaesthesia (others: cancer, infection, progressive neurological symptoms).
What is first-line drug treatment for low back pain?
Oral NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen) at the lowest effective dose for short duration.
Which drugs should be avoided for non-specific low back pain?
Paracetamol alone, benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, long-term opioids.
What causes sciatica?
Nerve root compression (L4–S1), most commonly from disc herniation.
What is the hallmark symptom of sciatica?
Unilateral leg pain below the knee, often more severe than back pain.
What signs suggest nerve involvement in sciatica?
Tingling, numbness, muscle weakness in a nerve root pattern.
What is the natural course of sciatica in most patients?
Often resolves in weeks to months, but may recur.
What treatments may help severe acute cases of sciatica?
Epidural injection (local anaesthetic or corticosteroid).
When is surgery considered for sciatica?
If no improvement with conservative treatment.
Which medications are not recommended for sciatica?
Paracetamol alone, opioids (unless short-term), benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antidepressants.
