Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OS1 Exam 2 > Low Back Pain DSA > Flashcards

Low Back Pain DSA Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acute back pain

A

back pain lasting up to 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sub-acute back pain

A

back pain lasting 7-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chronic back pain

A

back pain lasting >12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

red flags for back pain

A 
major trauma
age>50
persistent fever
history of cancer
saddle anesthesia
history of osteoporosis
progressive neurologic systems
bowel/bladder dysfunction
history of corticosteroid use
decreased anal sphincter tone
unrelenting night pain
major muscle weakness
rheumatoid arthritis, Down's syndrome, Marfan's, Ehler-Danlos syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Objective physical exam red flags

A

muscle atrophy
increased muscle tone (cerebral palsy)
decreased deep tendon (muscle stretch)
signs of inflammation (red, hot, swollen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DDx for low back pain

A

mechanical: with(out) radiation below the knee
viscerogenic: pain from organs
vasculogenic: pain from vascular structures
infection
metablic
tumor: primary/secondary
rheumatologic
congenital
psychological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee causes

A

SD (TART), spinal arthritis, DDD, facet arthritis, fracture, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee caused by somatic dysfunction

A

TART
may be chronic or acute
resolves with OMT
typically no further work up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee spinal arthritis

A 
typically chronic
localized to low back and buttocks
better with lying down and change of position
worse with prolonged standing or sitting
Work up: AP and lateral XR
MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee DDD

A 
localized to low back and buttocks
better with lying down and change of position
worse with prolonged standing or sitting
typically chronic
Work up: AP and lateral XR and MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee facet arthritis

A 
localized to low back and buttocks
better with lying down and change of position
worse with spinal extension
typically chronic
Work up: AP and lateral plain films, MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee fracture

A

compression fracture: history of trauma or osteoporosis
usually acute
work up: AP and lateral XR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee spondylolysis

A

fracture of the pars interarticularis
new-onset LBP in athletically active adolescent or history of trauma
work up: AP, lateral and oblique film (scottie dog), CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee spondylolisthesis

A

leg pain numbness or weakness, stiff back, changes in posture or gait
grades I & II stable, grades III-V surgery
step off when palpating lumbar spine
usually chronic
work up AP and lateral XR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanical low back pain without radiation below the knee scoliosis

A

typically chronic
rib hump
Work up AP and lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mechanical low back pain with radiation below the knee DDx

A

radiculopathy
spinal stenosis
cauda equina syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

viscerogenic LBP DDx

A

kidney, GI, pancreatitis, reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

viscerogenic LBP from nephrolithiasis “kidney stones”

A 
LBP and abdominal pain
intermittent (renal colic)
hematuria
acute, may become chronic
Work up: US, CT, UA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viscerogenic LBP from pyelonephritis

A 
kidney infection
low back and abdominal pain
fever
pyuria (pus in urine)
typically acute, may become chronic
unilateral
Work up: UA, CBC, US
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

viscerogenic LBP from IBD: crohn’s disease and UC

A

abdominal pain, tenderness, and distension
bloody diarrhea
typically chronic with acute flares
Work up: abd XR, US, CT, CBC, amylase/lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

viscerogenic LBP from diverticulitis

Study These Flashcards
A

abd pain (especially LLQ) , tenderness, possibly fever
typically acute flares
work up: XR, CT, CBC

22
Q

viscerogenic LBP from pancreatitis

Study These Flashcards
A

back pain with abdominal pain, tenderness, and distension, nausea and vomiting
typically acute but can progress to chronic
work up: abd XR, US, CT, CBC, amylase/lipase

23
Q

viscerogenic LBP from endometriosis

Study These Flashcards
A

pelvic pain
typically chronic
work up: US, laproscopic diagnosis

24
Q

viscerogenic LBP from menstrual

Study These Flashcards
A

intermittent, cramping pelvic pain, may have nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
cyclic pain
work up: based on clinical findings

25
viscerogenic LBP from prostatitis
painful, frequent, urgent urination; pain with ejaculation; difficulty sitting typically actue but may become chronic work up: UA (possibly after prostate massage), possible US or CT
26
vasculogenic LBP DDx
aortic aneurysm | ischemic spinal claudation
27
vasculogenic LBP from aortic aneurysm
"ripping" or "tearing" abdominal pain pulsatile abdominal mass work up: US, CT, CTA
28
vasculogenic LBP from ischemic spinal claudication
ischemia - restriction of blood supply to tissues claudication - pain caused by too little blood flow myelopathy - any neurological deficit related to the spinal cord acute myelopathy work up: CTA, MRI
29
infection LBP DDx
discitis herpes zoster osteomyelitis
30
infection LBP from discitis
``` recent skin infection, UTI, or IVDA; consider in immunocompromised individuals pain at rest or at night localized pain typically acute work up: CBC, blood cultures, MRI ```
31
infection LBP from herpes zoster
pain proceeds rash typically acute, pain may become chronic work up: none (viral cultures available but rarely done)
32
infection LBP from osteomyelitis
``` recent skin infection, UTI, IVDA; consider immunocompromised individuals pain at rest or at night, fever localized pain typically acute work up: CBC, blood cultures, MRI ```
33
metabolic LBP DDx
osteoporosis, Paget disease
34
metabolic LBP from osteoporosis
chronic pain may be acute with compression fracture work up: DEXA scan compression fracture work up: XR
35
metabolic LBP from Paget disease
bone cells don't function properly, resulting in deformed, enlarged, and fragile bones dull, persistent, worse at night neurologic symptoms like tingling, numbness, difficulty walking, wor bowel and bladder problems typically chronic, acute with fracture work up: XR, bone scan
36
bone scan
nuclear medicine test which uses a very small amount of a radioactive substance injected into a vein. abnormal absorption by the body may indicate disease.
37
LBP from tumor - primary DDx
myeloma sarcoma osteoid osteoma neural tumor: neurofibroma (chr 17), schwannoma, meningioma
38
LBP from primary tumor - myeloma, sarcoma, osteoid osteoma
bone tumors pain at rest, at night, night sweats, weight loss chronic/starts insidiously work up: XR to start, then may need CT, MRI, blood work
39
LBP from primary tumor - neural neurofibroma, schwannoma, meningioma
pain at rest, at night chronic work up: XR to start, then may need CT, MRI, blood work
40
LBP from secondary (metastatic) tumors of the prostate, lung, breast, or kidney
usually multiple lesions pain at rest, at night, night sweats, weight loss chronic/starts insidiously work up: XR to start, then may need CT, MRI, blood work
41
rheumatologic LBP DDx
seronegative spondyloarthropathy: psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD (enteropathic arthritis), Reiter syndrome Bechet syndrome Fibromyalgia Rhematoid arthritis
42
rheumatologic LBP from seronegative spondyloarthropathy: psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD (enteropathic arthritis), Reither syndrome
psoriatic arthritis: pencil in cup ankylosing spondylitis: calcification of ligaments at lumbar spine - "bamboo" spine limits flexion, extension, sidebending enteropathic colitis: inflammation within back causing chronic LBP associated with viscera Reiter syndrome: lateral calcification back and joint pain typically chronic work up: HLA-B27, XR
43
rheumatologic LBP from fibromyalgia
11 of 18 tender points many symptoms chronic work up: diagnosis of exclusion
44
rheumatologic LBP from rheumatoid arthritis
morning stiffness > 1 hour, fatigue, joint arthritis | work up: RF (rheumatoid factor), XR
45
Congenital LBP DDx
genetic malformations: congenital scoliosis, spinal bifida, meningocele, menigomylocele achondroplasia collagen disorders: Marfan's syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome
46
congenital LBP from genetic malformations: congenital scoliosis, spina bifida, meningocele, meningomylocele
work up: maternal US scoliosis: failure of formation and/or segmentation spina bifida: bifid spinous process, meningocele: protrusion of meninges, meningomyelocele: nerve tissue
47
congenital LBP from achondroplasia
pain usually due to spinal stenosis or increased lordosis | work up: maternal US
48
congenital LBP from collagen disorders (Marfan's syndrome and Ehler Danlos syndrome)
work up: history and physical exam (maybe genetic)
49
psychological LBP DDx
somatoform disorder malingering central sensitization/chronic pain syndrome
50
psychological LBP somatoform disorder
group of psychological disorders in which a pt experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition
51
psychological LBP from malingering
exaggerate or feign illness in order to escape duty or work
52
psychological LBP from central sensitization/chronic pain syndrome
condition of the NS that is associated with the development and maintenance of chronic pain. When central sensitization occurs, the NS goes through a process called wind-up and gets regulated in a persistent state of high reactivity

OS1 Exam 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions