lower digestive tract

Question 1

body’s major digestive organ, extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

Answer 1

Small intestine

Question 2

5% of the length – about 10 inches (first part)
Enzymes produces by pancreas ducted into duodenum via pancreatic ducts

Answer 2

duodenum

Question 3

Jejunum

Answer 3

40% of the length – about 8 feet

Question 4

60% of the length, meets large intestine at the Ileocecal valve about 12 feet

Answer 4

Ileum

Question 5

modifications of the mucosal layer – each contains an arteriole, venule, and lymph vessel

Answer 5

Villi

Question 6

tiny projections of plasma membrane of mucosa cells

Answer 6

Microvilli

Question 7

deep folds of mucosa and submucosa layers

Answer 7

Circular folds

Question 8

approx. 5 feet long, extends from Iliocecal valve to anus
Function is to dry out indigestible food by absorbing water and eliminate waste as feces

Answer 8

large intestine

Question 9

blind sac, first part of large intestine; appendix attached here

Answer 9

cecum

Question 10

travels up right side of abdominal cavity; ileum attached here via ileocecal valve

Answer 10

ascending colon

Question 11

subdivisions of the large intestine

Answer 11

cecum
colon
rectum

Question 12

travels across abdominal cavity; bends at liver (hepatic flexure) and spleen (splenic flexure)

Answer 12

transverse colon

Question 13

travels down left side of abdominal cavity and enters pelvis; spleen to iliac crest

Answer 13

descending colon

Question 14

after entrance to pelvis becomes S-shaped
Sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal are in pelvis and end at the anus

Answer 14

sigmoid colon

Question 15

transverse folds/valves slow down feces(to reabsorb water) & hold it until defecation; 2 sphincters – internal = smooth muscle, external = skeletal muscle

Answer 15

rectum

Question 16

large, continuous sheet of serous membrane; covers digestive organs

Answer 16

Peritoneum

Question 17

lines the walls of the entire abdominal cavity

Answer 17

parietal layer

Question 18

visceral layer

Answer 18

forms the serous outer coat of the organs

Question 19

fan-shaped projection of the parietal peritoneum
Allows free movement of each coil of the small intestine; helps prevent strangulation of the intestine

Answer 19

Mesentery

Question 20

a continuation of the serosa of the greater curvature of the stomach; first part of the duodenum to the transverse colon
Deposits of fat; help insulate, cushion, and protect abdominal organs

Answer 20

Greater omentum

Question 21

liver to lesser curvature of stomach & first part of duodenum

Answer 21

Lesser omentum

Question 22

largest gland in the body

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

Four lobes and suspended from diaphragm by mesentery cord =

Answer 23

Falciform ligament

Question 24

anatomical units of the liver, tiny hexagonal or pentagonal cylinders

Answer 24

Hepatic lobules

Question 25

produced in lobules - yellow-green watery solution containing bile salts (emulsify fats), pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids, and electrolytes travels through canaliculi to join bile ducts

Answer 25

bile

Question 26

liver right lobe

Answer 26

5/6 right lobe proper caudate lobe quadrate lobe

Question 27

liver left lobe

Answer 27

no subdivisions each lobe has a branch of hepatic vein in center

Question 28

detoxification bile secretion metabolism storage (minerals& vitamins) protein synthesis

Answer 28

functions of the liver

Question 29

exocrine and endocrine glands exo> endo

Answer 29

pancreas

Question 30

digestive enzymes

Answer 30

pancreatic juices

Question 31

digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 31

pancreatic amylase

Question 32

digestion of fats->triglycerides-> glycorol+ fatty acids

Answer 32

lipase

Question 33

digestion of proteins ->amino acids

Answer 33

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Question 34

nucleases

Answer 34

break down DNA and RNA

Question 35

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 35

neutralize pH

Question 36

disorders of liver and pancreas

Answer 36

Hepatitis-inflammation of liver Cirrhosis Pancreatitis- inflammation of pancreas Pancreatic cancer