Lower Extremity Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
hip flexor innervation
A
L1-L3
femoral n
2
Q
knee extension innervation
A
L4
3
Q
heel walk innervation
A
L4-L5
4
Q
ankle dorsiflexion innervation
A
L5
5
Q
great toe extension innervation
A
L5
6
Q
toe/plantar flexion
A
S1
7
Q
hip/pelvis innervation is from __
to __
A
L1
S4
8
Q
L1 nerves
A
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
9
Q
root of genitofemoral n
A
L1/L2
10
Q
root of lateral cutaneous n
A
L2/L3
11
Q
femoral and obturator n root
A
L2-L4
12
Q
superior gluteal n roots
A
L4-S1
13
Q
inferior gluteal n roots
A
L5-S2
14
Q
inferior gluteal n roots
A
L5-S2
15
Q
sciatic n root innervation
A
L4-S3
16
Q
posterior cutaneous n roots
A
S1-S3
17
Q
pudendal n roots
A
S2-S4
18
Q
hip flexion n
A
femoral
19
Q
thigh adductors n
A
obturator
20
Q
hip abduction n
A
superior gluteal
21
Q
hip extension dermatomes
A
L5
S1
22
Q
contents of SGT FOS
A
sartorius → femoral n
gracilis → obturator n
semitendinosus → sciatic n
23
Q
action of the sartorius
A
weak:
flexes hip
abduction
24
Q
action of the gracilis
A
knee flexion
internal rotation
weak thigh flexion and adduction
25
action of the semitendinosus
knee flexion
hip extensio
26
insertion of pes anserinus
anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
27
what lies below the pes anserinus
bursa
28
what happens with inflammation of medial portion of the knee
pes anserinus bursitis → chronic pain/weakness
29
what nerves are associated w. the muscles of the lower leg
tibial n
common fibular n
30
the common fibular nerve branches into the (2)
deep peroneal/fibular n
superficial peroneal/fibular n
31
roots of the tibial n
L4-S3
32
roots of the deep peroneal/fibular n
L4-L5
33
roots of the superficial peroneal/fibular n
L5
S1
34
what n innervates the posterior compartment of the lower leg
tibial
35
deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg
tom, dick, harry
posterior tibialis
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
36
superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower leg (2)
gastrocnemius
soleus
37
fxn of tom, dick, harry
plantar flexion
invert foot
flex toes
38
damage to tibial n
can't toe walk
39
the anterior compartment of the lower leg is innervated by
deep peroneal/fibular n
40
muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg (4)
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
41
fxn of the anterior portion of the lower leg
dorsiflex foot
invert foot
extend toes
42
what n innervates the lateral compartment of the lower leg
superficial peroneal/fibular
43
muscles of the lateral lower leg
fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
44
fxn of the lateral compartment of the lower leg
foot eversion
45
if only the deep peroneal/fibular n is damaged __ will be affected
but __ will be spared
dorsiflexion
eversion
46
the common peroneal/fibular n divides into the \_\_
and __ nerves
and is adjacent to the \_\_
deep peroneal/fibular v
superficial peroneal/fibular v
proximal fibula laterally
47
a lateral proximal fibula fx might damage the __ nerve,
and the patient would not be able to __ (2)
dorsiflex foot
AND
evert foot
48
the common peroneal n and deep peroneal n both have __ root innervation
L5
49
if a pt has foot drop, you might suspect damage to __ nerve (2)
common peroneal/fibular
OR
deep peroneal fibular
50
to evaluate hip flexion, test
L1-L3
51
the tarsal tunnel is located on the __ aspect of the ankle
posteromedial
52
fxn of the tarsal tunnel
passageway for tendons, nerves, vessels to travel to posterior leg and foot
53
floor of the tarsal tunnel
medial aspect of tibia
talus
calcaneus
54
roof of tarsal tunnel
flexor retinaculum
55
the tarsal tunnel is converted to a tunnel by the
flexor retinaculum
56
the nerves of the tarsal tunnel pass under the
flexor retinaculum
57
the flexor retinaculum spans obliquely between the \_\_
and the \_\_
medial malleolus
medial tubercle of calcaneus
58
the retinaculum is continuous with the
deep fascia of the leg and foot
59
contents of the tarsal tunnel
tom, dick, bloody nervous harry
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
posterior tibial artery and vein
tibial n
60
tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the
tibial n
61
how do you test for tarsal tunnel
tinel test → tap ankle just below medial malleolus
positive if tingling/pain
62
tinel test tests the __ n
just below the __ m
tibial n
flexor digitorum longus
63
two ways to assess for tarsal tunnel
tinel test
nerve conduction studies (NCS)/nerve velocity study (NCV)
64
NCS/NCV measures
how fast impulse travels thru the nerve
65
3 mechanisms of ankle fx
lateral
medial
syndesmotic
66
inversion lateral ligament injuries are \_\_% of all ankle sprains
and cause injury to the __ ligament
85%
ATLF
67
what is the deltoid ligament complex
posterior tibiotalar (PTTL)
tibiocalcaneal (TCL)
tibionavicular (TNL)
anterior tibiotalar (ATTL)
68
the deltoid ligament complex is injured with \_\_
and \_\_
pronation
rotation of hindfoot
69
the tibiofibular syndemosis (interosseous ligament) can be sprained with __ of the leg
and __ of the ankle
external rotation
dorsiflexion
70
lateral inversion and plantarflexion of the ankle causes injury to
ATFL
CFL
PTFL
71
medial eversion of the ankle causes damage to the
PTTL
TCL
TNL
ATTL
72
external rotation and dorsiflexion causes a __ ankle sprain
and damage to __ ligaments
**high**
anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
transverse tibiofibular ligament
interosseous membrane
interosseous ligament
inferior transverse ligament
73
high ankle sprain is a __ injury
syndemosis
74
passive inversion or plantar flexion with inversion should replicate symptoms for
lateral ligament sprain
75
passive eversion should replicate symptoms for a
medial ligament sprain
76
ottawa ankle rules
MRI required if
1. 1. unable to bear weight
2. medial or lateral malleolus point bony tenderness
3. 5th metatarsal tenderness
4. navicular tenderness
77
what is a maisonneuvre fx
medial malleolus fx w. proximal fibular fx
→ proximal fibular and syndemosis widening of tibia
78
serious complication of DVT
pulmonary emboli
79
where can DVTs occur
proximal portion of greater saphenous v in thigh
deep veins of leg, thigh, pelvis
80
deep veins of leg, thigh, pelvis (7)
anterior tibial
posterior tibial
peroneal (fibular)
popliteal
femoral
deep femoral
pelvic
81
predisposing factors to DVT
HTN
DM
pregnancy
OCPs
obesity
bed-ridden
sedentary
82
virchow's triad
stasis
vascular injury
hypercoaguable state/hemodynamic instability
83
T10
umbilicus
84
L1
groin
85
perineum
S3-S5
86
anal sphincter
S4, S5
+/- S3
87
heel walking
L4, L5
88
hip flexion
L1-L3
89
hip extension
L5-S1
90
knee extension
L3, L4
91
knee flexion
L5-S2
92
ankle dorsiflexion
L5
93
great toe extension
L5
94
great toe flexion
L5
95
plantarflexion of toes and foot
S2
96
correct place to give intramuscular injxn
upper lateral quadrant → gluteus medius
*far from sciatic n and blood supply of other quadrants*
97
fxn of femoral triangle
passage of main bv between pelvis and lower limb
nerve supply to thigh
98
borders of femoral triangle
**SAIL**
**s**artorius
**a**dductor longus
**i**nguinal **l**igament
99
lateral border of femoral triangle
sartorius
100
medial border of femoral triangle
adductor longus
101
base (superior border) of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament
102
floor of femoral triangle
**PIPA**
psoas major
iliacus
pectineus
adductor longus
103
roof of femoral triangle
fascia lata
superficial fascia
skin
104
contents of femoral triangle
**NAVEL**
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal: empty space
lymphatics
105
clinical significance of femoral triangle
femoral pulse
vascular catheritization
femoral hernias
106
superiomedial border of popliteal fossa
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
107
lateral border of popliteal fossa
biceps femoris
108
inferior border of popliteal fossa
gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)
109
floor of popliteal fossa
knee joint capsule
distal femur
proximal tibia
popliteal m
110
roof of popliteal fossa
popliteal fascia
111
nerves of popliteal fossa
tibial
common fibular (peroneal)
sural
posterior femoral cutaneous
112
vessels of popliteal fossa
popliteal a
popliteal v
short saphenous v
113
lymph nodes of popliteal fossa
superficial and deep popliteal nodes
114
what is the terrible triad
ACL
MCL
medial meniscus
115
mc knee ligament injury
MCL
*ACL is also common*
116
lisfranc fx
fx where metatarsal bones connect to the rest of the foot
rodeo injury
117
5th metatarsal fx
jones fx
118
complication of talus fx
avascular necrosis dt damage of posterior tibial a
119
osteochondral fx
bone chip floats around and causes pain
120
rotation injuries of knee often involve
meniscus
121
pop and effusion injuries of knee are often
ACL
