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kinesiology > lower extremity > Flashcards

lower extremity Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is hip joint

A

multiaxial ball and socket

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2
Q

pelvic girdle

A

femur and acetabulum (where pelvis comes together)

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3
Q

SI joint

A

(Sacroiliac joint) where pelvis meets sacrum

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4
Q

3 pelvic bones

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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5
Q

anterior pelvic tilt

A

big butt big gut

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6
Q

posterior pelvic tilt

A

old man walking

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7
Q

lateral pelvic tilt

A

hips moving up and down

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8
Q

hip flexor muscles and tendon location

A

anterior.
sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectinius

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9
Q

iliopsoas 3 parts, origin and insertion, and movement

A

iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
o: ilium/ L1-5
i: lesser trochanter
flexion & external rotation

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10
Q

pectineus origin & insertion, movement

A

reverse pockets
o: pubis
i: lesser trochanter
FAdEr

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11
Q

sartorius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ASIS (medial)
i: pes anserine
movement: FAbEr (cross leg)

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12
Q

rectus femoris origin & insertion

A

o: AIIS
i: Tibial Tuberosity
movement: hip flexion, knee extension

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13
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ASIS
i: Gerdy’s Tubercle
movement: hip flexion and abduction

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14
Q

hip extensor muscles and tendon location

A

posterior
gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus,

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15
Q

gluteus maximus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: posterior ilium/sacrum & coccyx
i: greater trochanter
movement: extension, external rotation

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16
Q

biceps femoris origin & insertion, movement

A

o: long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: linea aspera
i: head of fibula
m: knee flexion, external rotation of knee, hip extension, hip external rotation

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17
Q

semitendinosus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: pes anserine
m: hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

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18
Q

semimembranosus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: posterior medial tibial condyle
m: hip extension, hip internal rotation, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

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19
Q

semitendinosus vs semimembranosus

A

semitendinosus: further from bone
semimembranosus: closer to bone

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20
Q

hip abductors

A

tensor fascia latae, sartorius, gluteus medis, gluteus minimus

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21
Q

gluteus medius origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lateral ilium
i: posterior greater trochanter
m: abd, ext & in. rotation

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22
Q

gluteus minimus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: lateral ilium
i: anterior greater trochanter
m: abd, in. rotation

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23
Q

hip adductor muscles

A

adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus

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24
Q

adductor longus origin & insertion, movement

A

o: anterior pubis
i: middle 1/3 linea aspera
m: adduction

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25
adductor magnus origin & insertion, movement
o: pubis/ ischial tub i: length of linea aspera m: adduction, external rotation
26
adductor brevis origin & insertion, movement
o: pubis i: upper lip of linea aspera m: adduction, external rotation
27
gracilis origin & insertion, movement
o: pubis i: pes anserine m: hip internal rotation, adduction, knee flexion
28
hip external rotator muscles
gluteus maximum, sartorius, pectineus, iliopsoas, biceps femoris, 6 external rotators
29
hip internal rotators
gracilis, semitendonosus, semimembranosus
30
tibiofemoral type of joint and movement
hinge, flex & ext
31
patellofemoral type of joint and movement
gliding, sesamoid (patella) within the quads
32
mcl
media collateral ligament 2 layers, broad, prevents valgus (knock-knee)
33
lcl
lateral collateral ligament thinner, ropelike, prevents verus (knees out)
34
acl
prevents anterior translation of tibia
35
pcl
prevents posterior translation of tibia
36
meniscus
cushion between bones, attach to tibial plateaus, thicker on the outside, medial side is more c shaped and bigger. purpose is to deepen tibial fossa and enhance stability
37
degrees of knee movement
flexion: 130-140 extension: 0 hyperextension: 10
38
scew home mechanism
due to shape of medial femoral condyle the joint must "screw home" to achieve the full knee extension. approaching extension: tibia ex rot about 10 degrees initial flexion: tibia int rot (unlocks)
39
open chain
ext: tibia ER flex: tibia IR
40
closed chain
ext: femur IR flex: femur ER
41
knee extension muscles
aka quads rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
42
vastus lateralis origin & insertion
o: upper 2/3 femur i: tib tub
43
vastus intermedius origin & insertion
o: lateral femur i: tib tub
44
vastus medialis origin & insertion
o: linea aspera i: tib tub
45
knee flexion muscles
hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris), sartorius, gracilis, popliteus
46
popliteus origin & insertion, movement
unlocking muscle o: posterior lateral femoral condyle i: posterior medial tibia m: flex, IR
47
internal hip rotator muscles
on medial side gracilis, semimembranosus semitendonosus
48
external hip rotator muscles
on lateral side biceps femoris
49
why don't quads do knee rotation
they attach at tib tub
50
what muscle acts as a decelerator
quads, decrease speed, change direction, prevent falling should be 20-35% stronger than hamstrings
51
what muscle acts as an accelerator
hamstrings, running muscle
52
tib fib joint
holds tibia and fibula together, proximal and distal
53
interosseous membrane
space between tib and fib that keeps it together
54
talocrural joint type and movement
ankle joint hinge plantar/dorsiflexion
55
subtalar joint type and movement
gliding (rocks back and forth) inversion and eversion
56
metatarsophalangeal joint movement
mtp flexion/extension ab (splay toes), adduction (squeeze toes)
57
PIP
proximal interphalangeal joint
58
DIP
distal interphalangeal joint
59
IP joints
joint between phalanges DIP, PIP all toes have both except big toe (only has IP)
60
types of phalanges in feet
proximal, middle, distal
61
lateral ankle ligaments
protects against inversion anterior talofibular ligament (ATF) calcaneofibular ligament (CF) posterior talofibular ligament (PTF)
62
medial ankle ligaments
protects against eversion deltoid ligament (series of multiple ligaments)
63
3 types of aches
medial, lateral, and transverse
64
medial and lateral arch origin & insertion
o: calcaneus i: metatarsals
65
transverse arch location
base of metatarsals
66
high arch
pes cavus supinator
67
low arch
pes planus pronator
68
purpose of fascia
surrounds and binds each compartment facilitate venous return prevent excess swelling
69
anterior compartment of leg movement
dorsiflexors
70
lateral compartment of leg movement
evertors
71
posterior compartment of leg movement
superficial: plantarflexors deep: plantarflexors & invertors
72
plantarflexor muscles (straight back)
gastrocnemius, soleus
73
gastrocnemius origin & insertion, movement
o: femoral condyles i: achilles tendon m: knee flex, plantarflex
74
soleus origin & insertion, movement
o: posterior tib & fib i: achilles tendon m: plantarflex
75
plantarflexor muscles (medial)
tom dick harry muscles posterior tibialis flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
76
posterior tibialis origin & insertion, movement
o: upper interosseus & adjoining tib & fib i: navicular, cuneiforms, & base of 2-5 m: foot inversion, plantar flexion
77
flexor digitorum longus origin & insertion, movement
o: middle 1/3 posterior tibia i: base 2-5 toes m: foot inversion, toe flexion, plantarflexion
78
flexor hallicis longus origin & insertion, movement
o: middle 2/3 posterior fib i: base great toe m: toe and plantar flexion, foot inversion
79
plantarflexor muscles (lateral)
peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
80
peroneus longus origin & insertion, movement
o: head & upper fib i: plantar aspect of med cuneiform & 1st metatarsal m: plantarflexion, eversion
81
peroneus brevis origin & insertion, movement
o: lower 2/3 of fib i: base of 5th metatarsal m: plantarflexion, eversion
82
dorsiflexor muscles
peroneus tertius, anterior tibialis, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus
83
peroneus tertius origin & insertion, movement
o: distal 1/3 ant. fib i: base of 5th metatarsal m: eversion & dorsiflexion
84
anterior tibialis origin & insertion, movement
o: upper 2/3 tibia i: cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal m: inversion & dorsiflexion
85
extensor digitorum longus origin & insertion, movement
o: lateral tibia condyle & head of fib i: middle & distal 2-5 phalanges m: eversion, dorsiflexion, toe extension
86
extensor hallicus longus origin & insertion, movement
o: middle 2/3 fibula i: base of distal 1st toe m: dorsiflexion, toe extension
87
leg invertors muscles (medial)
flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, posterior tibialis, and anterior tibialis
88
leg evertors muscles (lateral)
peroneus longus, brevis, & tertius , extensor digitorum longus
89
low arches vs flat feet
low: anatomical, non-weight-bearing flat feet: collapsed arch due to standing, functional
90
why are inversion sprain more common than eversion
1. medial ligaments stronger 2. fibula is longer and blocks eversion 3. supination/ inversion (gait) 4. more muscles on medial side
91
how to isolate soleus muscle for stretching
bend the knee

kinesiology (2 decks)

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