Lower Extremity Flashcards by Ally Sandager

what pulses should be palpated after an acute traumatic injury to the knee

posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

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what action does the rectus femoris muscle do when it contracts

flexes the hip
extends the knee

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if a palpable clunk or shift is at approx 2-30 degrees of knee flexion is found during a pivot shift test what is this indicative of

anterolateral rotatory instability of the knee

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a positive Thompsons sign is indicative of

ruptured Achilles tendon

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what muscle flexes both the foot and the knee

gastrocnemius

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following multiple ankle sprains over the course of the year, teh AT detects weakness of the invertors and evertors of the ankle, which muscles invert the ankle

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

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a basketball players reports with burning pain on lateral aspect of his right knee during and after running, no edema or bruising found, but is tender. what special test would be positive

ober’s test

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a lacrosse player is limping with assistance, and his holding his leg in slight hip and knee flexion and a bulge is in the proximal thigh. only partially able to straighten the leg and pain down anterior thigh with movement, what is wrong?

ruptured rectus femoris

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what special tests detects a possible meniscal tear

McMurrays

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what type of force typically causes injury to MCL, medial meniscus, and ACL

valgus force with tibia in external rotation

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what is the recommended position for manual muscle testing of the gluteus medius

side-lying with affected limb on top

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what is the proper method to manually muscle test the biceps femoris muscle

lying prone, resisting knee flexion with tibia in external rotation

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what are structures of the pelvis

coccyx
pubic symphysis
innominate bones
sacrum

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which of the following signs is tested for when DVT is suspected in the leg

Homan’s sign

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a tennis player presents with medial thigh pain, limping, and pain with resisted hip adduction and hip flexion, diffuse tenderness and bruising on proximal/medial thigh, what has happened

groin strain

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if the calcaneofibular ligament of the ankle is torn, which test would be positive

talar tilt test

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what is the best position for the patient to be in to muscle test the piriformis

side-lying

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true leg length discreptancy is measured between what 2 points

ASIS to medial malleolus

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a grade 1 ankle inversion sprain involves what structure

anterior talofibular ligament

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how is the strength of the pes anserinus musculature manually tested

resistance to knee flexion and hip adduction

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a 2nd degree MCL sprain is characterized by

-pain along medial joint line
-no gross knee instability, but mild laxity in full knee extension during valgus test
-difficulty active flexing and extending the knee

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trendelenburg test is used to evaluate the competence of what structure

hip abductors

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which muscles internally rotate the hip

adductor magnus
gracilius
TFL
gluteus minimus

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what special tests examines the integrity of the knee LCL

varus stress test

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which test is positive of a torn PCL

sag sign

foot drop is indicative of what pathology

peroneal nerve injury

signs/symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome

-paresthesisa in web space between 1st and 2nd toes -absence or deminished dorsalis pedis pulse -decreased stregnth in digit extension -decreased ankle dorsiflexion

what produces the windlass effect

extension of the toes causes the calcaneus to come forward, increases the arch

name of a high-riding patella

patella alta

what would a positive hip scoring test indicate

acetabular labral tear osteochondral defect

how to measure hip Q angle

proximal arm is on the ASIS axis on the midpoint of patella distal arm on tibial tuberosity

what vascular structure is found behind the medial malleolus

posterior tibial artery

a quantitative measure of what motion can be calculated using the navicular drop test

pronation

what are true statements regarding the MCL

-2 layers (deep and superficial) -attaches to medial meniscus -reinforces and thickens joint capsule

what structure stabilizes the pelvic girdle

sacrum

what makes up the pelvic girdle

ilium ischium pubis bones

which tests are appropriate to assess tightness of the rectus femoris

Thomas test Ely's test

what tarsal bone is referred to as the keystone and is the main structure of the medial longitudinal arch

navicular

the relationship between the femoral head and femoral shaft in the transverse plane is known as

angle of torsion (twist)

walking on the heel to avoid push-off may indicate

metatarsal fracture plantar fascitis great toe pathology

which describes the hips having an angle of torsion greater than 20 degrees

anteverted

the ankle must be in what position to palpate the dome of the talus

plantarflexion

a decrease in the angle of inclination may lead to observation of what knee pathology

squinting patella

edema following a lateral ankle sprain tends to pool in the area of

sinus tarsi

deformity which involves the 1st metatarsal being shorter than the 2nd

Morton's toe

the pelvis is formed by pairs of 3 fused bones and jointed anteriorly by what

pubic symphysis

the best diagnostic accuracy is achieved with a high rate of what

true positives true negatives

in the presence of an ACL rupture, the recommendation is surgery to reconstruct the ACL. which are long-term consequences of an ACL-deficient knee

knee instability osteoarthritis meniscal degeneration

at what point does the AT's initial evaluation of an injury begin

the moment the injury is witnessed

what joints is called the Lisfranc joints

tarsometatarsal

where is pain centralized for plantar fascitis

medial calcaneal tubercle

what structures are in the deep posterior compartment

tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

which foot posture does the rearfoot become hypermobile, resulting in increased pronation

rearfoot valgus

what structure on the calcanues provides inferior support to the talus and below the medial malleoulus

sustentaculum tali

what portion of the tibialis posterior is most palpable

tendon from medial malleolus to insertion

which bone is most lateral bone of the midfoot

cuboid

what MOI typically causes injury to ATFL

inversion

what ankle joints are involved in pronation and supination

talocrural subtalar midtarsal

what motions occurs in closed-chain supination of the ankle

external tibia rotation knee extension external hip rotation

proper way to determine a Kleiger test

foot and talus are externally rotated and stabilizes the leg

what accounts for higher incidence of inversion ankle sprains

deltoid ligament of the medial side is strong causing less eversion

what makes up the midfoot

navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and cuboids

injury to the deep peroneal nerve occurs in which compartment

unexplained redness and swelling of posterior calf may indicate

DVT

what can be palpated directly posterior to fibular head

common peroneal nerve

what of the foot is responsible for assisiting in absorbing and redirecting WB forces, reducing friction, and protect its tendon

sesmoids

signs/symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome

severe pain loss of motor function paresthesia

individual cannot resist gravity in resisted position but can complete movement in gravity assisted position, what is the score

2/5

patient reports redness, swelling, and pain of great toe with no MOI. pain with palaption, no increase pain with ROM, what is it

gout (obesity, weight gain, alcohol, impaired renal fxn)

bony landmarks of the calcaneus

sustentaculum tali, peroneal tubercle, and calcaneal tubercle

functions of the fibula

-site of ligamentous attachment -muscular origin and attachment -pulley to increase muscle efficiency that run posteriorly to it

muscles of the pes anerinus group

gracilis sartorius semitendinosus

which test is the best to detect an ACL sprain

Lachman's

what can occur post ACL surgery

loss of knee extension

what injury typically occurs with repetitive jumping, running, or weightlifting

patellar tendinitis

patella is high-riding and sitting laterally

frog-eyed patella

what position should the knee be placed in the anterior drawer test of the knee

90 degrees knee flexion

roles of the menisci

-shock absorption -improve lubrication -deepen atriculation and fill in the gaps

best test for assessing a meniscal lesion

Thessaly

valgus and varus of the knee should be performed at what degree of angle

0 degrees

origin and insertion of the sartorius

origin: ASIS insertion: pes anserine tendon

indicated by a ballottable patella

knee effusion

what is most reliable in determining who will have patellofemoral pain

levels of ASIS

a straight isolated valgus force injures what ligament

MCL

what would be most difficult if PCL was injured

backward running

best describes the J-sign

as the knee moves from flexion to extension, the patella slides superiorly and tracks slightly laterally

conclusive special test for determining both the presence and absence of the PCL

posterior drawer

anterolateral rotary instability is characterized by

subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau with anterior translation

what bony landmark does the patella glide thru as knee flexes and extends

femoral trochlea

what muscle is responsible for unscrewing or unlocking the tibia

popliteus

injury to the common peroneal nerve would elicit motor weakness in which muscle

dorsiflexors evertors

observations of alignment relative to patellofemoral disorder includes

Q-angle tibial torsion patellar alignment

what bursa lies at the deep end of the quad femoris group and is extension of the knees joint capsule

suprapatellar bursa

AROM knee flexion is how many degrees

135 degrees

end-feel of passive knee extension

firm

lateral pivot shift maneuver identifies which rotary instability

anterolateral

a sprain to the hip joint results from which movements

abduction and lateral rotation

hip angle of torsion greater than 20 degrees

anterversion

Y-shaped ligament of the hip that originates from AIIS

illiofemoral

what blood supply supplies the femoral head and neck

femoral circumflex arteries

decrease angle of inclination

coxa vara

Legg-Calve-Perthes diseased affects what age range

2-14

primary complaint of early stages of articular degeneration of the hip

pain only with WB activities

Ober's test examines tightness of which muscle

TFL

MOI for acute hip labral tear

hip dislocation

osteitis pubis results from overuse and repetitie stress on which muscle group

adductors

when the hip joint dislocates, the leg is typically shortened in what position

medial rotation

the special tests associated with exam of the SI joint reproduce what forces

compression distraction shearing

test used to examine flexibility of hip flexors

Thomas test

coxa valga in which the angle of the femoral shaft and neck is

greater than 135

pain characteristic associated with unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis

pain that prevents walking

what muscle compresses the sciatic nerve

piriformis

normal angle of inclincation of the hip

125 degrees

during what type of muscle contractions do muscle strains most frequently occurs

eccentric

name of the ligament that originates off of the ASIS and inserts at pubic symphysis

inguinal ligament

which muscle is the primary hip flexor with the knee extended

iliopsoas

borders of the femoral triange

lateral: sartorius superior: inguinal ligaments medial: adductor longus -femoral artery, vein, and nerve lie within

what vascular structure would you palpate if you suspect a serious hip or pelvic injury

femoral artery

possible complication of a lateral ankle sprain

superficial peroneal nerve palsy

which MOI typically cause injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

inversion

signs and symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome

-severe pain -loss of motor function over the distribution of the deep peroneal nerve -parasthesia

most ankle sprains occurs when the ankle if forced into what positions

inversion plantarflexion

what special test examines a syndesmosis separation and the integrity of the ATF ligament

Kleiger test

an athlete with rearfoot varus is likely to develop what chronic injury

medial tibial stress syndrome

which tests are used to examine the integrity of the calcaneofibular and deltoid ligaments

talar tilt test

what anatomical feature likely accounts for the higher incidence of inversion sprain in the ankle joint

deltoid ligament on the medial side is strongs, causing fewer eversion sprains

if an acute compartment syndrome is not accurately recognized, muscle ischemia, and necrosis can occur within

6-12 hours

Lower Extremity Flashcards

(128 cards)