Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History & Physical > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How can you evaluate for scoliosis?

A

inspect from several angles and with pt bending forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dextroscoliosis

A

curve is convex (toward) R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

levoscoliosis

A

curve is convex (toward) L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does SLR test for?

A

impingement of spinal nerves/sciatic nerve

Elevate leg and dorsiflex foot- pain on ipsilateral leg is a positive test- suggests a lumbosacral radiculopathy

(tightness/discomfort in the buttocks or hamstrings is not a positive test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Seated SLR test

A

pt seated with hands on table, extend leg

watch for pt to “flip back” when leg extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Slump test*

A

seated, slump, tuck chin, knee extension, dorsiflex

perform bilaterally, check for sciatica/herniated disk

ask if pt has any pain with any of those movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FAbER test

A

Supine “figure 4”
Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation

assesses SI joint dysfunction

assess adductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antalgic gait

A

lump adopted to avoid pain on weight bearing structures, characterized by a very short stance phase

can also be due to loss of dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

see if pt can keep hips even when weight is placed on side

Positive if it causes opposite side to drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thomas Test*

A

iliopsoas

Positive if femur raises off table

Or

Rectus femoris

positive if unable to have 90 flexion of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ottowa knee rules

A

If any are positive > x-ray

  • Age > or = 55
  • isolated tenderness at the patella
  • tenderness at the fibular head
  • unable to flex knee to 90 deg
  • unable to bear weight immediately after and in ER for 4 steps

100% sensitive, 50% specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Baker’s cyst (popliteal cyst)

A

a synovial fluid cyst located located in the popliteal space

palpable as fluctuant fullness, best to palpate with knee extended

may be painful or (if they leak) result in calf swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Popliteal artery aneurysm

A

usually due to atherosclerotic vascular disease

Males > females, usually >65yo

the most common aneurysm of the peripheral vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you dx popliteal artery aneurysm?

A

pulsatile swelling behind the knee

best to palpate with knee extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanism of injury (MOI) of meniscal tear

A

weight bearing with rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sxs of meniscal tears

A

pain/swelling localized at jt line

max swelling is freq. seen the day after injury

may report popping, clicking, locking

“feels like knee is going to give out”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for meniscal tears

A

repair or menisectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOI for patellar dislocation

A

knee flexed between 20 -45deg with valgus load, then max contraction of quads

will almost always go laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MOI for patellar fractures

A

significant direct blow/force, not common in athletics, extremely painful, unable to SLR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chondromalacia patellae

A

degenerative process that results in a softening (degeneration) of the articular surface of the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MOI for chondromalacia

A

overuse with poor tracking (patella doesn’t slide nicely in groove)

commonly have large Q angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Q angle

A

Normal <15deg

women naturally have greater Q angles (wider hips)

thus, women experience chondromalacia patella more freq. than men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patellar tendonitis

A

“jumper’s knee”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MOI for patellar tendonitis

A

overuse w/ heay quad loads & poor quad flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sxs of Patellar tendonitis
pain increased w/ activity, aches after exercise, possible swelling, tenderness at inferior pole, increased pain with resisted knee extension
26
MCL sprain
most freq. injured ligament in the knee
27
MOI for MCL sprain
blow to lateral side of the knee, forcing valgus
28
Sxs of MCL sprain
pain, mild to mod swelling exterior to jt, discoloration and tenderness, valgus instability, may report feeling a "pop"
29
LCL sprain MOI
foot planted, medial side impact/varus force
30
LCL sprain Sxs
pain, lateral knee swelling, ecchymosis, point tenderness, varus instability, may feel "pop" with complete rupture
31
ACL sprain MOI
twisting maneuver during weight bearing, such as changing directions or landing from a jump while twisting. landing with bent knee with center of gravity too far posterior direct blow to the back of the tibia that drives the tibia forward (rare)
32
SXs of ACL sprain
immediate pain & feeling of instability audible pop joint effusion and loss of motion usually result within 24hrs unable to bear weight
33
PCL sprain MOI
injured by a direct force against the anterior tibia, driving it posteriorly (fall, MVC)
34
SXS of PCL sprain
pain, joint effusion, limited ROM into full flexion & extension, may have audible "pop"
35
Unhappy tried
MCL, medial meniscus and ACL tear
36
Osgood-Schlatter's disease MOI
repetitive traction on the tibial tuberosity apophysis via the patellar tendon and quadriceps group
37
In what population does osgood-schlatter disease typically occur?
young athletes when the growth plate of the tibial tuberosity is still fluid
38
Sxs of osgood-schlatter disease
aggravated by running, jumping or kneeling in young athletes, pain and swelling around tuberosity
39
Ankle sprain v. strain
sprain- tear or stretch of a ligament (bone to bone) strain- tear or stretch of a tendon/muscle structure
40
Ankle anterior drawer sign
testing for anterior talofibular ligament tear - stabilize distal tibia - grasp and pull calcaneus forward assessing for excessive forward movement
41
Anterior tibialis tendonitis
tends to be more acute
42
Achilles' tendonosis
tends to be more chronic obvious swelling, long rehab
43
Achilles' rupture MOI treatment
"big bang" sudden forced plantar flexion surgery- suture mop ends together, long slow rehab
44
neuropathic ulcer
commonly associated with diabetes
45
pes planus
flat foot
46
Inversion ankle sprains MOI types
plantarflexion with hindfoot inversion 1deg: ATF lig torn, little laxity, pain 2deg: ATF lig torn and some CF lig damage, clear laxity, pain 3deg: all 3 lateral ligaments torn, laxity, unable to bear weight
47
eversion ankle sprain MOI
land in plantarflexion and rotation into eversion if excess eversion may fracture the fibula
48
Syndesmosis sprains MOI
plantarflexion with hindfoot inversion and rotation of talus in mortise damage to ATF ligament, CF ligament, distal tib/fib often referred to as high ankle sprain takes longer to heal
49
Plantar fascitis MOI
overuse, acute or chronic
50
Plantar fascitis sxs
pain most severe when first getting out of bed, pain generally diminishes during activity and increases when activity stops, ttp at anterior/medial calcaneus and distally to mid fascia
51
plantar fascitis predisposing factors
excessive pronation, obesity, abn. high arches
52
plantar fasciitis dif dx.
tarsal tunnel syndrome-tinel's sign sever disease (calcaneal apophyitis) -if pt <13yrs, pain with squeezing heel heel spur - xray to confirm
53
turf toe MOI
sprain of 1st MP jt from hyperextension
54
turf toe sxs tx
pain in ball of foot under the big tow with gait, swelling and sig ttp on inferior jt, increased pain with toe extension turf toe tape, steel inserts
55
fx to the base of 5th MT MOI
inversion moment commonly combined with landing from a jump
56
fx to base of 5th MT sxs, treatment?
point tender at head of 5th MT, bone may feel mobile, cannot bear wt on foot, pain with resisted eversion x-ray, crutches
57
lisfranc injury MOI
injury to any side of the 2nd MT head articulations;dislocations or fractures varied, significant impact from something
58
lisfranc injury sxs, treatment?
pain with weight bearing, inability to go into terminal stance of gait, pt tender in dorsal aspex of mid foot around head of 2nd MT x-ray
59
Morton's neuroma MOI
compression of a nerve bundle between the MT heads in ball of foot shoes with narrow toe box
60
morton's neuroma sxs, treatment?
tingling, burning pain in the ball of foot and distally into associated toes wider shoes, may place felt pad under neuroma
61
bunion
inflammation and thickening of the bursa of the MTP joint of the big toe with valgus deformity
62
metatarsalgia
pain and tenderness under the metatarsal heads, unable to progress through terminal stance during walking because cannot load forefoot
63
claw toes
hyperextension of MP joint and flexion of PIP and DIPs, associated with pes cavus, fallen metatarsal arch or problems with intrinsic musculature
64
hammer toes
extension contracture at MP joint, flexion contracture at PIP, DIP may be in any position can be congenital, poor fitting shoes, hallux valgus or muscular imbalance
65
pes cavas
rigid foot, high arch, plantar soft tissues are shortened often leads to claw toes, difficult to absorb shock
66
pes planus MOI
flat mobile foot congenital, trauma, muscle weakness all infants have flat feet until ~2yrs
67
What are the 2 types of pes planus?
rigid/congenital: rare, calcaneous in valgus and midtarsal in pronation, visible in non weight bearing position Flexible or acquired: due to tibial torsion or subtalar jt dysfunction, apparent in WB position, but if stand on tiptoes, arch reappears
68
signs of LE peripheral artery insufficiency
dependent rubor, pallor with raised extremity, hair loss on leg/foot atrophic skin/nail changes, ulcers, necrosis/gangrene
69
LE varicose veins
dilated, tortuous SF veins-result from defective structure &function of the valves of the saphenous system
70
Sxs of varicose veins
dull ache or pressure sensation after prolonged standing, relieved with elevation, dependent ankle edema may develop, ankle ulcerations ad SF thrombosis may occur
71
stasis dermatitis
due to chronic venous insufficiency with incompetent valves and higher pressure in capillary bed tissue is damaged and inflamed, "brawny" non pitting edema
72
lymphedema
results from blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from tissues throughout the body
73
Homan's sign
testing for DVT in pt with calf pain, tenderness or swelling passively dorsiflex foot, calf pain with dorsiflexion suggests DVT negative test does not rule out DVT

History & Physical (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions