Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK2 > lower leg > Flashcards

lower leg Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Fx screening method

A

Tuning fork
-methodology: provocation of pain, sound conduction
128Hz
vibratory irritation at damaged periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fx screening clinical value

A

Tuning fork
-sensitivity is questionable
-may not identify fx with callus
-better for transverse fxs
-less accurate for stress fxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

An ankle xray is only required if there’s pain in the malleolar zone AND these findings:
1. bone tenderness at lateral malleolus
2. bone tenderness at medial malleolus
3. inability to WB immediately for 4 steps
A foot xray is only required if there is pain in midfoot AND any of these findings:
1. Bone tenderness at base of 5th met
2. bone tenderness at navicular
3. inability to WB immediately for 4 steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Traumatic fxs: distal tibia/fibula (MOI, types)

A

MOI: axial/rotational loading

Types:
-Unimalleolar fx: medial or lateral
-Bimalleolar fx: both
-Trimalleolar fx: both and posterior rim of tibia
-tibia and fibula shaft fx
-comminuted fx distal tibia
-intra-articular fxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Traumatic fxs: Hindfoot

A

Calcaneus:
-MOI: fall from height
-intra vs extra-articular

Talus
-MOI: forced ankle DF
-Most intra-articular
-involving head neck or body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Traumatic fxs: Midfoot and forefoot

A

Navicular
-dorsal avulsion at deltoid attachment
-tuberosity fxs
-body fxs
-stress fxs: common insidious onset in WB athlete

Metatarsal
-MOI: direct trauma
-1st met
-2-4: spiral common
-5th: avulsion, stress fx

Phalangeal
-MOI: stubbing and direct trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pediatric physeal ankle fxs surgery

A

-reduction of displaced fx (closed vs open)
-fixation vs no fixation (ORIF common for types 3 and 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pediatric physeal ankle fxs prognosis

A

-worse if >1week prior to reduction
-larger gap
-gap >/= 3mm for types 1-2
-younger patients (more growth to come)
-higher risk of physis arrest in types 3-5 (f/u assess 2 yrs s/p fx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pediatric physeal ankle fxs types 1-5

A

1-2: typically casted 4-6 weeks following reduction

3-4: long leg NWB cast 1-4wks,
boot from 5-8wks (NWB first 2 wks, may remove for ROM)
If ORIF w/ type 3, common hardware removed once healed

5: recognized early-mx with removal of physis area f/b fat graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abnorms: Talipes Equinovarus (clubfoot)

A

-BILAT
-M>F
-PF heel, inversion STJ/varus rearfoot, met ADD/ varus forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rearfoot varus/valgus

A

varus: inversion of calc w/ subtalar in neutral (limit pron)
valgus: eversion calc w/ subtalar in neutral (excess pron, limit supin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Forefoot varus/valgus

A

Varus: inversion forefoot on hindfoot w/ subtalar in neutral
Valgus: eversion of forefoot on hindfoot w/ subtalar in neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pes planus(flat foot)/ cavus

A

Planus:
-Rigid/congenital: calc in varus, midtarsal region in pron, talus medial and downward, navicular dorsal and lateral on talus
-Aqcuired/flexible: like rigid, but foot mobile

Cavus: longitudinal arches accentuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hallux valgus (bunion)

A

-medial deviation of 1st met and lateral dev of great toe
-gait: collapse of medial arch, navicular drop, position of pronation during push-off= less rigid foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hallux rigidus

A

-arthropathy of great toe- pain, swelling, abnorm bone growth at dorsal 1st MTP

hx: arthropathy, trauma/injury, repetitive great toe ext

sxs: insidious onset, progressive, 1st MTP pain especially w/ walking uphill, stairs, terminal stance

exam: limited toe ext ROM, bony/hard PROM, gait devs, abrasion to skin, swelling, palpable osteophyte/tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ankle sprains (Inversion)

A

COMMON
ATFL involved a lot
Differential: avulsion fx 5th met styloid process, osteochondral lesion, malleolar fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ankle sprains inversion hx

A

30’s
running injury
athletes 5x likely to sustain lateral ankle sprain after initial sprain occurred
MOI: forced ankle inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inversion sprain sxs

A

lateral ankle pain
lateral ankle swell/warmth/red
pain w/ activities that supinate foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inversion sprain exam

A

antalgic gait
increased figure 8 measure
local warm/tender (ATFL)
pain w/ inversion
+anterior drawer
+medial talar tilt
+reverse anterolateral drawer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medial ankle sprain hx and sxs

A

-involves deltoid lig

hx: MOI forced ankle eversion

sx: medial ankle pain, medial swell/warm/red, pain with pronated positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Medial ankle sprain exam

A

antalgic gait
increased figure 8
warm/tender area distal to medial malleolus
pain with pronation/eversion ROM
+lateral talar tilt stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Syndesmotic sprain MOI

A

“high ankle sprain”
concern chronic instability/degen arthropathy

MOI: forced DF, forced eversion of talus, forced ER of talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Syndesmotic sprain sxs

A

pain distal lower leg
aggravated w/ stair descent/walking uphill/squat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Syndesmotic sprain exam

Study These Flashcards
A

-early heel off in stance
-swell/tender A. tibiofib joint
-pain end range DF ROM
+fibular translation
+external rotation
+syndesmosis squeeze

25
CAI hx
recurrent inversion sprains fibular muscle weakness impaired proprio
26
CAI sxs
asymp. between sprains feels of ankle giving way ankle weakness difficult/inability to run (worse on uneven)
27
CAI exam
diminished proprioceptive func of ankle
28
Dx/classify CAI
use Cumberland ankle instability tool or identification of functional ankle instability also func performance tests
29
Anterior ankle impingement hx
-soft tissue or bony spur formation at anterior TC joint recurrent/high trauma ankle sprains
30
AAI sxs
anterior ankle pain anterior ankle swell/warm/red pain with activities that put foot in DF
31
AAI exam
antalgic gait/ early heel off tender/palpable mass anterior tibiotalar joint pain/limit with end range DF ROM +forced DF test
32
Impingement CPR (6)
5/6: AL ankle joint tender AL ankle joint swelling Pain w/ forced DF Pain w/ single leg squat Pain with activities Absence of ankle instability *use with caution, not great
33
FL/B tendinopathy hx
repeated inversion injuries anatomic abnorms/anomalies
34
FL/B sxs
pain posterior to lateral malleolus sublux of fibularis tendons
35
FL/B tendinopathy exam
swell/bruise lateral ankle pain with AROM< RT ankle eversion pain w/ end range inversion/supin tender fibularis longus/brevis tendons
36
Tib P tendinopathy hx
insidious, progressive, unilateral concomitant deltoid lig injury playing sports that require quick directional change
37
Tib P tendinopathy sxs
pain near area of insertion at navicular pain prox to medial malleolus
38
Tib P tendinopathy exam
-foot posture: pronated foot/pes planus -navicular drop in standing (1cm) -tender/swell navicular or prox to medial malleolus -pain with resisted inversion and PF -painful eversion/ DF ROM
39
Achilles tendinopathy hx
MOI: intense eccentric loading on triceps surae (gastroc/soleus complex) running injuries!
40
Achilles tendinopathy sxs
pain near insertion of achilles tendon morning stiffness
41
Achilles tendinopathy exam
-tenderness/swelling/hypertrophy/ palpable defect -pain w/ DF ROM -Pain w/ AROM< resisted PF
42
Achilles tendon tear/rupture hx
MOI: sudden push off w/ extended knee, sudden forced DF -Sudden/ acute onset known mechanism, "pop", difficulty walking/WB -hx of Achilles tendinopathy -middle aged adult
43
achilles tendon tear/rupture
sx: pain near insertion of achilles tendon exam: tender/swell/hypertrophy/ palp defect of tendon/posterior calf -pain DF ROM -weak/absent active/resisted PF +thompson test (rupture)
44
Plantar faciitis hx, sx
high lifetime prevalence hx: rfs- limited DF ROM, high BMI non-athletic populations sxs: plantar medial heel pain (worse w/ first few steps following inactivity and with prolonged WB activity -pain w/ terminal stance
45
Fasciitis exam
-early heel off in stance -guarding triceps surae -swell/tender origin of plantar fascia (potentially heel spur) -pain w/ passive DF of ankle and toes (windlass)
46
Dx plantar fasciitis
-plantar medial heel pain, noticable after inactivity/prolonged WB -heel pain from increase in WB activity -pain w. palp of prox insertion of plantar fascia -+windlass -negative tarsal tunnel tests -limit A/PROM TC joint DF ROM -abnormal foot posture index score -high BMI, nonathletic
47
metatarsalgia hx | where is pain also
pain in distal forefoot, area of met heads hx: health conditions that increase stress on met head
48
metatarsalgia sxs
aggravated w/ prolonged WB activities, mid and terminal stance phases of gait
49
metatarsalgia exam
-findings for concomitant health conditions -antalgic gait/ diminished push off -observable calluses on plantar foot -tender plantar met heads
50
Interdigital neuroma hx
thickening of soft tissue surrounding interdigital nerve hx: insidious vs sudden onset (DF injury of toes)
51
IN sxs
pain in area of met heads and web space
52
IN exam
tenderness +foot squeeze test
53
TTS what is it
Peripheral nerve entrap of posterior tibial nerve characterized as compression of soft tissue structures that pass deep to flexor retinaculum, posterior and distal to medial malleolus of tibia
54
TTS sxs
loss plantar sensation pain/paresthesia at plantar foot increasing intensity of sxs w/ DF activities
55
TTS rfs
obesity venous insufficiency space occupying lesions trauma peripheral vascular disease DM tight shoes/casts foot deformities
56
TTS Paucity of Lit
epidemiology of heel pain of neurologic etiology *not a lot of research to show why, LACK OF LIT
57
TTS exam
antalgic gait (alters to avoid DF) limit/pain squat (avoid DF) signs of invertor tendinopathy diminished plantar sensation weakness of intrinsics limited ROM, pain DF eversion +Tinel sign LLTT w/ posterior tib bias
58
TTS | rfs what to do aftercare
underlying cause not identified >among females ~47 yos Tarsal tunnel decompression (release) -flexor retinaculum incised, eliminates compressive force on deep neurovascular structures post op careL limits ankle ROM, splint 7-14days mod locomotion w/ ADs progress to WBAT after sutures removed PT

MSK2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions