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Phase 2b Medicine > Lower Leg Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Lower Leg Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What may cause a ataxic gait?

A

Cerebellar pathology or sensory ataxia

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2
Q

What causes a high-stepping gait?

A

Foot drop (weakness of ankle dorsiflexion)

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3
Q

What causes a waddling gait?

A

Proximal lower limb weakness e.g. myopathy

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4
Q

What causes hemiparetic gait?

A

Stroke

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5
Q

What gives spastic paraparesis?

A

Hereditary spastic paraplegia

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6
Q

What myotome causes hip flexion?

A

L1/L2 (iliofemoral nerve)

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7
Q

What muscles are assessed in hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas

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8
Q

What myotome is assessed in hip extension?

A

L5/S1 (sciatic nerve)

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9
Q

What muscles are assessed in hip extension?

A

Gluteus Maximus

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10
Q

What myotome is assessed in knee flexion?

A

S1 (sciatic nerve)

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11
Q

What muscles are assessed in knee flexion?

A

Hamstrings

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12
Q

What myotome is assessed in knee extension?

A

L3/4 (femoral nerve)

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13
Q

What muscles are assessed in knee extension?

A

Quadriceps

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14
Q

What myotome is assessed in ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4/5 (deep peroneal nerve)

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15
Q

What muscles are assessed in ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis anterior

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16
Q

What myotome is assessed in ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1/2 (tibial nerve)

17
Q

What muscles are assessed in ankle plantarflexion?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

18
Q

What myotome is assessed in big toe extension?

A

L5 (deep peroneal nerve)

19
Q

What muscles are assessed in big toe extension?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

20
Q

Which myotomes are assessed during the knee-jerk reflex?

A

L3 & L4

21
Q

What myotomes are assessed in the ankle-jerk reflex?

A

S1

22
Q

What myotomes are assessed in the plantar reflex?

A

L5 & S1

23
Q

What is the Babinski sign?

A
  • Extension of the big toe and spread of the other toes when something is traced on the sole of the foot.
  • Suggests UMN lesion
24
Q

Where can the L1 dermatome be tested?

A

Inguinal region and very top of the medial thigh

25
Q

Where can the L2 dermatome be tested?

A

Middle and lateral aspect of the anterior thigh

26
Q

Where can the L3 dermatome be tested?

A

Medial aspect of the knee

27
Q

Where can the L4 dermatome be tested?

A

Medial aspect of the lower leg and ankle

28
Q

Where can the L5 dermatome be tested?

A

Dorsal and medial aspect of the big toe

29
Q

Where can the S1 dermatome be tested?

A

Dorsal and lateral aspect of the little toe

30
Q

What is the purpose of the heel-to-shin test?

A
  • Assesses lower limb co-ordination

- Suggestive of ipsilateral cerebellar pathology

31
Q

What assessments/investigations should be done after a lower limb neuro exam?

A
  • Full neurological examination

- Neuroimaging

Phase 2b Medicine (17 decks)

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