Lower Limb 1

Question 1

What are the 4 major segments of the lower limb?

Answer 1

1. hip
2. thigh
3. leg
4. foot

Question 2

What is the lower limb skeleton part of?

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton - pelvic. girdle and bones of free part of lower limb

Question 3

What does the pelvic girdle include?

Answer 3

• right and left pelvic (innominate) bones

- the sacrum

Question 4

What skeleton is the sacrum part of?

Answer 4

axial

Question 5

What does the lower limb girdle connect to?

Answer 5

axial skeleton via the sacroiliac joint

Question 6

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 6

1. bones of the skull
2. hyoid bone
3. all vertebrae of the spine including sacrum
4. ribs and sternum

Question 7

What does the pelvic bone consist of?

Answer 7

1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis

Question 8

What. does a joint between the different components of the lower limb have?

Answer 8

1. Capsule
2. Cartilage
3. Ligaments
4. Muscle tendons

Question 9

What does the head of the femur articulate with at the hip joint?

Answer 9

acetabulum of the hip bone

Question 10

What. does the distal end of the femur articulate with at the knee joint?

Answer 10

proximal end of the tibia

Question 11

What does the patella articulate with?

Answer 11

Femur

Question 12

Does the fibula take part in the formation of the knee joint?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

What does the knee joint have?

Answer 13

• Intra-capsular menisci

- cruciate ligaments

Question 14

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 14

ball and socket synovial join

Question 15

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 15

synovial hinge joint

Question 16

Is there any rotary movement between tibia and fibula?

Answer 16

No (pronation or supination) like in upper limb

Question 17

What does the head of the fibula articulate with in the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 17

fibular facet on the lateral tibial condyle

Question 18

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 18

synovial (very limited movement)

Question 19

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibual joint?

Answer 19

fibrous joint (no movement between them)

Question 20

What does the distal ends of tibia and fibula articulate with to form the ankle joint?

Answer 20

superior part of the talus

Question 21

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 21

synovial

Question 22

What are the intertarsal joints?

Answer 22

joints between the adjacent tarsal bones

Question 23

What is the movement of the ankle joint?

Answer 23

1. dorsiflexion (true extension), plantarflexion (true flexion) of the foot
2. When the foot is in full plantarflexion there is a small amount of abduction/adduction and inversion/eversion.

Question 24

What is the movement of the knee joint?

Answer 24

mainly

1. flexion (bending)
2. extension (straightening)
3. a small degree of rotation (during locking and unlocking of the knee joint) - medial and lateral rotation of femur on tibia

Question 25

What movement is the at the intertarsal joints?

Answer 25

1. eversion 2. inversion 3. supination and pronation of foot?

Question 26

What is the joint between the talus and the calcaneum?

Answer 26

anatomical subtalar (talocalcaneal) join

Question 27

What is the talonavicular join?

Answer 27

Talus also articulates with naviculum

Question 28

Where is the subtalar joint included in?

Answer 28

orthopaedics the functional (clinical) subtalar joint includes the whole talocalcaneonavicular joint complex

Question 29

Where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?

Answer 29

at the talocalcaneonavicular complex

Question 30

What do the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones articulate with in the tarsometatarsal joints?

Answer 30

distal row of tarsal bones

Question 31

What type of joint is the the tarsometatarsal joint? What type of movement can be carried out?

Answer 31

plane synovial joints with limited sliding movements

Question 32

How are the heads of the metatarsals are linked together?

Answer 32

- by four deep transverse metatarsal ligaments | - enable all metatarsals to act as a single unit

Question 33

What do the heads of the metatarsal articulate with in the metatarsophalangeal joints?

Answer 33

bases of the proximal phalanges

Question 34

What type of joint is metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 34

ellipsoid synovial joints

Question 35

What is the movement at metatarsophalangeal joint?

Answer 35

1. flexion 2. extension 3. abduction (l) 4. adduction (l) 5. circumduction (l) 6. Rotation? (l)

Question 36

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

Answer 36

hinge synovial joints

Question 37

What are interphalangeal joints between?

Answer 37

between the proximal and distal ends of the adjacent phalanges

Question 38

What movement does the interphalangeal joints allow?

Answer 38

1. Flexion | 2. Extension

Question 39

What is the movement at the hip joint?

Answer 39

1. Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction 4. Adduction 5. Medial rotation-laterla rotation 6. Circumduction

Question 40

What is the movement in the proximal tibia-fibular joint?

Answer 40

very little movement

Question 41

What is the movement in the distal tibia-fibular joint?

Answer 41

no movement