Lower Limb 1 - Station 2

Question 1

what is the acetabular labrum

Answer 1

a ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the acetabulum

Question 2

where is the acetabular labrum most vulnerable to tear

Answer 2

anterior

Question 3

3 ligaments of hip joint

Answer 3

iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischifemoral

Question 4

which ligament(s) of hip joint can be seen posteriorly

Answer 4

ischiofemoral

Question 5

which ligament(s) of the hip joint can be seen anteriorly

Answer 5

iliofemoral and pubofemoral

Question 6

which ligament prevents hyperextension

Answer 6

iliofemoral

Question 7

which ligament prevents hyperabduction

Answer 7

pubofemoral

Question 8

flexors of the hip joint

Answer 8

iliacus, psoas major and pectineus (also sartorius a bit)

Question 9

5 anterior thigh muscles

Answer 9

iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris

Question 10

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 10

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, vastus intermedius

Question 11

which muscles of quadriceps femoris goes straight up the middle on top of the others

Answer 11

rectus femoris

Question 12

describe the arrangement of the quadriceps femoris

Answer 12

from medial to lateral, vastus medius, intermedius and lateralis and then on top the rectus femoris

Question 13

chief flexor of the hip

Answer 13

iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas grouped because they share a tendon to the lesser trochanter)

Question 14

which muscles of anterior thigh attach to lesser trochanter

Answer 14

psoas major and iliacus

Question 15

innervation of anterior thigh muscles

Answer 15

all femoral nerve EXPECT the psoas major which is lumbar nerves L1, 2, 3

Question 16

extensors of the hip

Answer 16

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendonous and semimembranous

Question 17

order of hamstrings from lateral to medial

Answer 17

biceps femoris (long head) –> semitendinous –> semimembranous

Question 18

chief extensor of hip joint

Answer 18

gluteus maximus

Question 19

innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 19

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 20

innervation of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae

Answer 20

superior gluteal nerve

Question 21

5 adductors of the hip

Answer 21

adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus and gracilis

Question 22

innervation of hip adductors

Answer 22

all obturator nerve EXCEPT from the hamstring part of adductor magnus which is from the tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Question 23

abductors of the hip

Answer 23

gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, oburator internus and superior and inferior gemelli

Question 24

which obturator muscle adducts the hip

Answer 24

obturator externus

Question 25

innervation of hip abductors

Answer 25

gluteus medius and minimus --> superior gluteal nerve piriformis --> S1-S2 obturator internus --> nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) superior gemelli --> nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) inferior gemelli --> nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

Question 26

order to gluteal region muscles from top to bottom

Answer 26

maximus --> medius --> minimus --> piriformis --> superior gemelli --> obturator internus --> inferior gemelli --> quadratus femoris

Question 27

true/false - there is no abductor compartment of the hip

Answer 27

true - deep gluteal muscles have this role

Question 28

attachment of all abductor muscles

Answer 28

greater trochanter of the femur

Question 29

which muscles of the opposite limb are active in supporting the leg being lifted

Answer 29

abductors

Question 30

internal (medial) rotators of the hip

Answer 30

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae

Question 31

external (lateral) rotators of the hip

Answer 31

gluteus maximus, piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris and sartorius

Question 32

gluteus maximus medially/laterally rotates the hip

Answer 32

laterally rotates the hip

Question 33

gluteus medius medially/laterally rotates the hip

Answer 33

medially rotates the hip

Question 34

gluteus minimus medially/laterally rotates the hip

Answer 34

medially rotates the hip

Question 35

3 compartments of the thigh

Answer 35

anterior, medial and posterior

Question 36

muscles compartments that act on the hip

Answer 36

anterior, medial and posterior thigh and gluteal region

Question 37

distal attachment of patellar ligament

Answer 37

tibial tuberosity

Question 38

4 actions of the sartorius

Answer 38

flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of hip | flexion of knee

Question 39

attachments of sartorius

Answer 39

ASIS to superior medial tibial surface

Question 40

how come the sartorius can produce flexion at both knee and hip

Answer 40

because it spirals around the leg from lateral to medial

Question 41

medial thigh muscles (adductor group)

Answer 41

adductor longus, brevis and magnus, obturator externus and gracilis

Question 42

innervation of medial thigh muscles

Answer 42

all obturator nerve EXCEPT hamstring part of adductor magnus which is from tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 43

through which foramen does the obturator nerve enter the thigh

Answer 43

obturator foramen

Question 44

which muscle's distal attachment to the femur forms the adductor hiatus

Answer 44

adductor magnus

Question 45

structures that pass through the adductor hiatus

Answer 45

femoral artery and vein

Question 46

adductor brevis lies deep/superficial to the adductor longus

Answer 46

deep

Question 47

femoral artery is a continuation of what artery

Answer 47

external iliac

Question 48

landmark of external iliac becoming femoral artery

Answer 48

inguinal ligament

Question 49

surface marking of inguinal ligament

Answer 49

between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

Question 50

large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly to the hamstrings

Answer 50

profunda femoris artery

Question 51

femoral vein is a continuation of what vein

Answer 51

popliteal

Question 52

femoral vein becomes what vessel past the inguinal ligament

Answer 52

external iliac vein

Question 53

3 veins in the femoral triangel

Answer 53

profunda femoris, great saphenous and femoral veins

Question 54

what is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus

Answer 54

the femoral nerve

Question 55

4 muscles in what compartment are supplied by the femoral nerve

Answer 55

anterior compartment - sartorius, iliacus, pectineus and quatriceps femoris