Lower Limb

Question 1

What is lower limb specialised for?

Answer 1

• Locomotion
• Supporting body weight
• Balance

Question 2

What are the two parts that make up the lower limb?

Answer 2

1. Trunk segment
2. Free lower limb segments

Question 3

What does trunk segment include?

Answer 3

• Half the pelvic girdle
• Gluteal and inguinal regions
• Hip joint

Question 4

What are the lower limb segments?

Answer 4

• Thigh (femoris)
• Leg (crus)
• Foot (pes) - including tarsus (connecting ankle to foot)

Question 5

What are the 3 sections of the bony pelvis?

Answer 5

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Add pic

Question 6

Where does the femur articulate with the hip bone?

Answer 6

Acetabulum - socket of hip joint where head of femur fits

Question 7

Which bones does pelvic girdle articulate with?

Answer 7

• Sacrum
• Femur

Question 8

What is the midline joint in the pelvic girdle called?

Answer 8

Public symphysis

Question 9

What are the two main groups of muscles in the gluteal region and how many of each are there?

Answer 9

Vertical (5)

Horizontal (4)

Question 10

What are the differences between the horizontal and vertical muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 10

• Horizontal ones are deeper and smaller

• Vertical ones are larger

Question 11

What is the function of horizontal muscles in gluteal region?

Answer 11

Act as rotators at the hip joint

Question 12

What is the function of the vertical muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 12

Allow for abduction and extension

Question 13

Which 3 vertical group muscles aid extension and walking?

Answer 13

• Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

THESE ORIGINATE FROM PELVIS AND ATTACH TO FEMOUR

Question 14

Which slide do I need to learn?

Answer 14

8/29

Question 15

Roots of which spinal nerves form the lumbar-sacral plexus?

Answer 15

L1-S3

Question 16

What are the four main nerve branches that supply the lower limb?

Answer 16

• Femoral nerve
• Obturator nerve
• Sciatic nerve
• Inferior/ superior gluteal nerves

Question 17

Where is the femoral nerve located?

Answer 17

Anterior thigh compartment and anterior leg

Question 18

Where is the obturator nerve found?

Answer 18

Medial thigh

Question 19

Where is the sciatic nerve located?

Answer 19

• Posterior compartment of thigh and leg
• Sole of foot

Question 20

What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 20

1. Tibial
2. Common fibular nerve

Question 21

Where are the inferior/superior gluteal nerves found?

Answer 21

In large muscles in gluteal region

Question 22

Which slides do I need to learn?

Answer 22

Slide 10 and 11

Question 23

What are the characteristics of the acetabular joint?

Answer 23

It’s more stable than glenohurmal joint but not as mobile

Lack of mobility due to bearing weight and stability

Question 24

Which ligaments connect pelvis and femur in the acetabular joint?

Answer 24

• Iliofemoral
• Ischiofemoral
• Pubofemoral

(These stabilise and enclose the joint)

Question 25

What is the longest bone in the body?

Answer 25

Femur (thigh bone)

Question 26

Where does proximal and distal femur articulate?

Answer 26

Proximal - with pelvis at acetabulum Distal - with tibia at the knee

Question 27

What do the 5 anterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?

Answer 27

Flex at hip Extend at knee

Question 28

What do the 3 posterior compartment muscles of the thigh do?

Answer 28

Extend at hip Flex at knee

Question 29

What do the 6 medial compartment muscles do?

Answer 29

Adduct/rotate the thigh

Question 30

Name the 5 anterior thigh muscles

Answer 30

1. Vastus lateralis 2. Vastus intermedius 3. Vastus medialis 4. Rectus femoris 5. Sartorius

Question 31

What are the 3 ligaments that are in the knee joint

Answer 31

1. Collateral (medial and lateral) 2. Cruciate (anterior and posterior) 3. Patellar

Question 32

What is the menisci and where is it found?

Answer 32

Rubbery cartilage found between the femur and tibia - acts as a shock absorber

Question 33

How many muscles are there in the posterior fascia/compartment of the leg? Breakdown

Answer 33

7 4 deep 3 superficial For plantarflexion of foot, flexion of toes and may flex knee

Question 34

How many muscles are there in the lateral fascia/compartment of the leg? Role?

Answer 34

2 Eversion- turn sole of foot outwards

Question 35

How many muscles are there in the anterior fascia/compartment of the leg? Role?

Answer 35

4 Dorsiflexion, extension of the toes and inversion of ankle (turn sole inwards)

Question 36

Where does the talus fit to form ankle?

Answer 36

Tibiofibular space

Question 37

What is the ankle joint aka?

Answer 37

Talocrural

Question 38

What is the name of the joint between the talus and the calcaneus?

Answer 38

Subtalar