Lower limb

Question 1

Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?

Answer 1

L2 & L3

Question 2

What are the roots of the femoral & Obturator nerve?

Answer 2

L2-L4

Question 3

What muscle group does the obturator nerve supply?

Answer 3

Adductor muscles (Magnus, longus, brevis, Gracilis)

Question 4

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 4

L4-S3

Question 5

What does the femoral nerve supply?

Answer 5

Quads
Sartorius

Question 6

What does the femoral nerve become in the lower limb?

Answer 6

Saphenous nerve

Question 7

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

Answer 7

Hamstrings

Question 8

What the sciatic nerve branch into?

Answer 8

Tibial
Common perineal

Question 9

Where does the common perineal nerve first appear?

Answer 9

Neck of fibula

Question 10

What does the common perineal branch into?

Answer 10

Superficial & deep perineal branches

Question 11

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

Base: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: Medial border of sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus

Question 12

What vein joins the femoral vein inside the femoral triangle?

Answer 12

Great saphenous

Question 13

What nerve follows the same course as the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 13

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 14

What are the main abductors? What is their second role?

Answer 14

Gluteus Minimus & medius
Tensor fascia lata
Tilt the pelvis when walking stop one leg kicking the other

Question 15

Where do gluteus minimus & medius insert?

Answer 15

Greater trochanter

Question 16

What are the main hip flexors?

Answer 16

Psoas
Iliacus
Rectus femoris

Question 17

What are the hip extensors?

Answer 17

Hamstrings (biceps femorus, semimembranosus & tendinosus)
Gluteus maximus

Question 18

What are the roots for the lower limb reflexes?

Answer 18

Knee: L3, L4
Ankle: S1

Question 19

What are the nerve roots tested in movement of the lower limbs?

Answer 19

L2- Hip flexion
L3- Knee extension
L4- ankle dorsiflexion
L5 Great toe extension
S1 ankle movements, hip extension
S2 Knee flexion
S3-S4 anal wink

Question 20

What is the path of the arteries of the lower limb?

Answer 20

1) Aorta
2) Common iliac
3) (Internal) & External iliac
4) Common femoral
5) Superficial & (Deep) femoral
6) Popliteal
7) Ant/Post tibial & fibula
8) Dorsalis pedis

Question 21

Where does the common femoral artery bifurcate?

Answer 21

In the femoral triangle

Question 22

What does the deep femoral artery supply?

Answer 22

• Most muscles of the thigh
• Quads Femoris
• Adductors
• Hamstrings

Question 23

Where does the superficial femoral artery supply?

Answer 23

Superificial structures of the thigh

Question 24

What does the superficial femoral artery pass through?

Answer 24

Adductor hiatus

Question 25

What does the popliteal artery supply?

Answer 25

- Adductor magnus - Hamstrings - Skin of posterior leg - Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Planters - Knee joint - Femur, patella, fibula

Question 26

What veins form the superficial venous system?

Answer 26

Small & great saphenous

Question 27

What is the course of the small saphenous vein?

Answer 27

1) Drains foot & posterior aspect of leg 2) Passes posterior to lateral malleolus 3) Up posterior aspect of calf 4) Terminates in popliteal fossa drains into popliteal vein

Question 28

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

Answer 28

1) Dorsal arch of foot 2) Passes anterior to medial malleolus 3) Medial side of leg 4) Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of knee 5) Superficial until femoral triangle

Question 29

What does the femoral sheath contain?

Answer 29

Femoral artery Femoral vein Femoral canal contains fat & lymphatics, runs under inguinal ligament

Question 30

What veins form the deep venous system?

Answer 30

Posterior tibial Anterior tibial Popliteal Femoral veins

Question 31

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 31

Superomed: Semimembranosus Superolat: Biceps femoris Inferolat: Lat head of gastro Informed: Med head of gastro Roof: Popliteal fascia Floor: Popliteus & knee capsule

Question 32

What is the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 32

- Popliteal, sural, genicular arteries - Popliteal, short saphenous veins - Sciatic nerve becoming common fibular & tibial nerve in fossa,

Question 33

What branches come off the lumbar plexus?

Answer 33

- Iliohypogastric - Ilioinguinal - Genitofemoral - Lat cutaneous -Femoral - Obturator

Question 34

What branches come of the sacral plexus?

Answer 34

- Superior gluteal - Inferior gluteal - Quads femoris - Obturator internus - Sciatic - Post cutaneous - Perforating cutaneous - Pudendal