Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy T1&2 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

the “hip” is the area between the ______ ________ and the iliac crest

A

greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the “thigh” is the area between the greater trochanter and the ________

A

knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the “leg” is the segment of the inferior limb between the knee and the ________

A

ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in the foot, we have ____ bones in a total of 3 sections `

A

26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ tarsal bones, ____ metatarsal bones and ____ phalanges

A

7
5
14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the _______ surface is the top of the foot

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the _______ surface is the sole of the foot

A

plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the _______ is the most proximal bone of the foot

A

talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the top of the talus is called the ________

A

trochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the medial aspect of the talus is the facet for the ________ _________

A

medial malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the lateral aspect of the talus is the facet for the ________ __________

A

lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F the dome of the talus is slightly convex from anterior to posterior

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the body of the talus is the ________ portion of the bone

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the head of the talus is the most ________ portion

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the neck of the talus is the narrowing between the ________ and _______

A

body and head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the __________ is the largest and strongest bone in the foot

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the __________ of the calcaneus contacts the ground

A

tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a small tubercle anterior and inferior to the tip of the lateral malleolus is called the _______ _______

A

fibular trochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a medially projecting “shelf” of the calcaneus that supports the talus is called the __________ __________

A

sustentaculum tali

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a hollow on the lateral aspect of the foot formed by the groove of the talus and the groove of the calcaneus is known as the _______ ______

A

sinus tarsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the __________ is on the medial aspect of the foot, articulating posteriorly with the talus and anteriorly with the 3 cuneiforms

A

navicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the _________ are 3 wedge shaped bones that articulate with the numerically corresponding metatarsals

A

cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the __________ is located on the lateral aspect of the foot - articulating anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals and posteriorly with the calcaneus

A

cuboid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the _________ range from numbers 1-5, consisting of a base, shaft and head

A

metatarsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

the tuberosity of the 5th, is aka the _______ process - located on the lateral side of the base

A

styloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the 1st MT has 2 __________ bones

A

sesamoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a sesamoid bone is a _____ embedded in a ___________

A

bone embedded in a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

there are ____ phalanges with 3 bones per toe except the ______ one which has only two

A

14
first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the __________ refers to the talus and calcaneus

A

hindfoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the ________ refers to the navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms

A

midfoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the __________ refers to the 5 MTs and 14 phalanges

A

forefoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the padded portion of the sole of the foot at the MT heads is the ______ of the foot

A

ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____________ is when the dorsal surface of the foot moves superiorly through the sagittal plane around the ML axis

A

dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

____________ is when the plantar surface of the foot moves inferiorly through the sagittal plane around the ML axis

A

plantar flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

___________is the movement of the foot towards the mid-sagittal plane

A

inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

____________ is the movement of the foot away from the mid-sagittal plane

A

eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

T/F inversion and eversion occur in the frontal plane around the AP axis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

__________ of the forefoot occurs when the forefoot moves away from the body

A

abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

__________ of the forefoot occurs when the forefoot moves towards the body

A

adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

T/F adduction and abduction at the foot happen in the transverse plane around the vertical axis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

___________ is a combination movement of dorsiflexion, eversion and forefoot abduction

A

pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

__________ is a combination movement of plantarflexion, inversion and forefoot adduction

A

supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

the ________ is the “shin bone” and is the primary weight bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

the ________ carries 1/6th of the body weight

A

fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the ________ ________ is the lateral projection of the ankle

A

lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

________ tubercle - a large prominence lateral and superior to the tibial tuberosity

A

Gerdy’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the proximal tib/fib joint is a synovial _______ joint

A

plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

available movements at the proximal tib/fib joint included limited ________ and ________ glide with dorsiflexion and limited _________ and ________ glide with plantar flexion

A

superior and posterior (Dorsi)
inferior and anterior (plantar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The _________ ligament of the fibular head attaches at the anterior proximal tibia & anterior proximal fibula

A

anterior

50
Q

the ___________ ligament of the fibular head attaches to the posterior proximal tibia and posterior proximal fibular

A

posterior

51
Q

the distal end of the fibula articulates with the distal end of the ________

A

tibia

52
Q

strong connective tissue between the tibia and the fibular which thickens at the distal end is called the ___________ ____________

A

interossesous membrane

53
Q

the distal end of the tibia and fibula articulate with the __________ (dome) of the talus

A

trochlea

54
Q

the talocrural joint is a synovial _________ joint

A

hinge

55
Q

the distal tibiofibular joint is a _________ joint

A

fibrous

56
Q

the _________ ligament is made up of four ligaments

A

deltoid

57
Q

the deltoid ligament attaches to the medial ________ and the ________ bones of the medial foot

A

medial malleolus and the tarsal bones of the medial foot

58
Q

the deltoid ligament checks _________ of the ankle

A

eversion

59
Q

T/F the deltoid ligament is so strong that if injured can lead to an avulsion fracture

A

true

60
Q

the _________ ___________ ligament attaches to the lateral malleolus and the neck of the talus

A

anterior talofibular

61
Q

the ATFL checks ___________ (Especially when the ankle is plantar flexed)

A

inversion

62
Q

you can palpate the ATFL through the ________ _______

A

sinus tarsi

63
Q

T/F the ATFL is the most commonly injured ligament in the foot (95% of ankle sprains)

A

true

64
Q

the ____________ ligament attaches onto the lateral malleolus and the lateral calcaneus

A

calcaneofibular ligament

65
Q

the CFL checks _________ (when the ankle is in neutral)

A

inversion

66
Q

the ___________ calcaneal bursa is located between the achilles tendon and the overlying skin

A

subcutaneous

67
Q

the ____________calcaneal bursa is located between the achilles tendon and the calcaneus

A

subtendinous

68
Q

the ________ joint is the inferior aspect of the talus articulating with the superior calcaneus

A

subtalar

69
Q

the subtalar joint is a synovial _______ joint

A

plane

70
Q

available movements at the subtalar joint include __________ and __________

A

inversion and eversion

71
Q

the ___________________ joint is the articulation between the talus, the calcaneus, and the navicular

A

talocalcaneonavicular

72
Q

the talocalcaneonavicular joint is a synovial _______ and ________ joint that helps increase the inversion/eversion range

A

ball and socket

73
Q

the plantar _____________ ligament is aka the spring ligament

A

calcaneonavicular

74
Q

the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament attaches onto the _____________ ______ and the posteroinferior surface of the navicular

A

sustentaculum tali

75
Q

T/F if the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament is stretched, the head of the talus can sink in - resulting in pes planus

A

true

76
Q

the articulation between the calcaneus and the cuboid is the _____________ joint

A

calcaneocuboid

77
Q

the calcaneocuboid joint is a synovial __________ joint

A

plane

78
Q

the _______ ___________ ligament helps maintain the arch of the foot

A

long plantar

79
Q

the long plantar ligament attaches on the plantar surface of the _________, cuboid, and the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th MTs to form a tunnel for the tendon of __________ ___________

A

calcaneus
peroneus longus

80
Q

the transverse tarsal joint is aka the ___________ joint

A

midtarsal

81
Q

the midtarsal joint is technically both the ______________ joint and the ___________ joint

A

talocalcaneonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint

82
Q

T/F there is little movement at the intertarsal, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints due to tight binding by the ligaments

A

true

83
Q

the _______________ joints are the heads of the metatarsals articulating with the bases of the proximal phalanges

A

metatarsophalangeal

84
Q

the metatarsophalangeal joints are synovial _________ joints

A

condyloid

85
Q

the head of one __________ articulates with the base of the ___________ distal to it

A

phalanx x2

86
Q

the interphalangeal joints are synovial ________ joints

A

hinge

87
Q

available movements at the interphalangeal joints includes _________ and _________

A

flexion and extension

88
Q

the bones of the foot form arches which act as ________ __________ - the arches distribute the stresses through the bones of the foot

A

shock absorbers

89
Q

name the 3 arches of the foot

A

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal and transverse

90
Q

the arches of the foot are maintained by which of the following?

a) the shape of the interlocking bones
b) the ligaments
c) the fascia
d) the action of the muscles
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

91
Q

T/F the medial longitudinal arch is always in contact with the ground

A

false

92
Q

T/F the medial longitudinal arch is more involved in propulsion than weight bearing

A

true

93
Q

T/F the lateral longitudinal arch is more involved in weight-bearing than propulsion

A

true

94
Q

the _________ arch involves the whole length of the foot

A

transverse

95
Q

the plantar fascia is aka the plantar ____________

A

aponeurosis

96
Q

the plantar fascia attaches to the medial calcaneal tubercle and the ___________ phalanx of each toe

A

proximal

97
Q

T/F the plantar aponeurosis continues with the fascia of the calf

A

true

98
Q

as the toes extend, the plantar fascia tightens (because it crosses the MTPs) - as it tightens, it pulls the calcaneus anteriorly and elevates the arches putting the foot into supination this is known as the _____________ mechanism

A

windlass mechanism

99
Q

T/F the windlass mechanism only occurs during active use of the foot

A

false

100
Q

the longest and heaviest bone in the body is the ___________

A

femur

101
Q

the patellar surface is aka the _________ groove

A

trochlear

102
Q

the________ _______ is a rough ridge with two lips on the posterior surface of the femur

A

linea aspera

103
Q

__________
superior attachment: lateral condyle of the femur

inferior attachment: the posterior proximal surface of the tibia

action: weak flexion of the knee

action: medial rotation of the knee (key)

A

popliteus

104
Q

when the knee is fully extended, the tibia rotates laterally which locks the knee into a more stable position - this is the _______ ________ mechanism

A

screw home

105
Q

to flex the knee, the _________ medially rotates the tibia to “unlock” the knee and allow it to flex

A

popliteus

106
Q

there are 4 compartments to the knee

  2. 3.
    4.
A

anterior, lateral, superficial posterior and deep posterior

107
Q

T/F the muscles in a compartment share the same general function, the same nerve supply and the same blood supply

A

true

108
Q

__________ __________

superior attachment: superior 1/2 of the tibia, interosseus membrane

inferior attachment: base of the 1st MT

action: dorsiflexion

action: inversion

A

tibialis anterior

109
Q

___________ __________ _________

superior attachment: anterior, middle fibula

inferior attachment: base of the distal phalanx of the 1st toe

action: MTP extension

action: assists in dorsiflexion, inversion

A

extensor hallucis longus (EHL)

110
Q

________ ________ _________

superior attachment: proximal 3/4 of the anterior fibula/ interosseus membrane

inferior attachment: middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

actions: dorsiflexion, eversion, and extension of the MTPs, PIPs, DIPs 2nd-5th digits

A

extensor digitorum longus (EDL)

111
Q

___________ __________

superior attachment: anterior distal fibula

inferior attachment: base of 5th MT (dorsal surface)

actions: weak dorsiflexion and eversion

A

peroneus tertius

112
Q

T/F peroneus tertius is very common

A

false

113
Q

__________ __________

superior attachment: lateral proximal 2/3rds of the fibula

inferior attachment: base of the 1st MTP

(passes through the tunnel formed by the extension of the long plantar ligament)

action: plantar flexion and eversion

A

peroneus longus

114
Q

peroneus longus forms a _________ with tibialis anterior at the base of 1st MT

A

stirrup

115
Q

___________ __________

superior attachment: lateral 2/3rd of fibular

inferior attachment: tuberosity of the 5th MT

actions: plantar flexion and eversion

A

peroneus brevis

116
Q

________________

superior attachment: 2 heads attaching to the medial and lateral femoral condyles

inferior attachment: calcaneus

actions: plantar flexion and weak knee flexion

A

gastrocnemius

117
Q

_________

superior attachment: proximal post. fibula, soleal line (tibia) and 1/3rd medial border of tibia

inferior attachment: calcaneus (via achilles tendon)

action: plantar flexion

A

soleus

118
Q

gastrox & soleus together are referenced as the _________ _______

A

triceps surae

119
Q

____________

superior attachment: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur

inferior attachment: calcaneus NOT via the achilles tendon

action: plantar flexion & weak knee flexion

A

plantaris

120
Q

T/F plantaris is a weak muscle but if it ruptures there can be extreme pain

A

true

121
Q

gastrox and soleus share a common distal tendon called the _________ tendon which attaches to the calcaneus

A

achilles

122
Q

__________ ___________

superior attachment: posterior tibia

inferior attachment: navicular tuberosity

action: plantar flexion & inversion

A

tibialis posterior

Anatomy T1&2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions