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3yr year anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

what does the pelvic girdle consists of?

A
  • hip bones
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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2
Q

what are the 3 component that are make up for the 3 hip bone?

A

ilium

pubis

ischium

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3
Q

what is the function of lower limb and what it consist of?

A

support body weight and contain 30 bones

  • Femoral (thigh)
  • Crural (leg)
  • Foot (7tarsal, 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges in the toes)
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4
Q

states the labels in the diagram (proximal aspect of the femur)

A

green - greater trochanter

yellow - neck

red - head

line - intertrochanteric line

blue - lesser trochanter

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5
Q

what articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint?

A

medial and lateral condyles

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6
Q

what are the component that are exists in the knee ligaments?
(*ekram know some of these…sm to do with his knee)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Lateral meniscus (LM)
Medial meniscus (MM)

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7
Q

what are the tendon that connects to the patella?

A

Quadriceps tendon
&
Patellar ligaments

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8
Q

Tibia is the minor bone of the lower leg and fibula is the major bone.

True or False?

A

FALSE

Fibula is the minor bone of the lower leg and Tibia is the major bone.

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9
Q

what is the bony projection that articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint?

A

medial malleolus

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10
Q

what are the main articulations in fibula?

A
  • proximal tibiofibular joint
  • articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia
  • Distal tibiofibular joint
  • articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia
  • ankle joint
  • articulates with the talus bone of the foot
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11
Q

what are the 2 main way for the lateral malleolus of the fibula to fracture?

A

forced external rotation
- force of the talus against the bone causes a spiral fracture of the lateral malleolus

foot being twisted outwards (eversion)
pressure of the talus against the lateral malleolus in a transverse fracture

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12
Q

state the label of the following

A

blue - tarsals

red - metatarsals

green - phalanges

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13
Q

state the label of the feet part 2

A

purple - calcaneus

yellow - talus

blue - navicular

green - cuboid

red - cuneiforms

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14
Q

states the letters in the feet

A

a) navicular

b) Medial. cuneiform

c) intermediate. cuneiform

d) lateral. cuneiform

e) cuboid

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15
Q

where does femoral head attach to the hip?

A

acetabulum
&
acetabular labrum

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16
Q

what ligament helps to stabilise the hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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17
Q

what are movement that the hip are capable of doing?

A

extension
flexion
abduction
adduction
medial rotation
lateral rotation

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18
Q

where is the gluteal region located

A

posteriorly to the pelvic girdle

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19
Q

what are the 2 group of muscle in the gluteal region

A

superficial abductor and extenders

deep lateral rotators

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20
Q

what is tensor fascia lata and what does it do?

A

muscle that located posterior from the iliotibal band

acts as flexor abductor and internal rotator of the hip

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21
Q

what are the compartment of the thigh

Study These Flashcards
A

anterior compartment
posterior compartment
medial compartment

22
Q

what are the 3 major muscle in the anterior thigh

Study These Flashcards
A

pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

23
Q

state the muscles in the thigh

Study These Flashcards
A

yellow - rectus femoris

red - vastus medialis

blue - vastus lateralis

purple - sartorius

orange - pectineus

24
Q

describe iliopsoas

Study These Flashcards
A

2 types:

  • psoas major
  • T12-L4
  • iliacus
  • iliac fossa

insertion and major flexor of the hip

25
what does quadriceps femoris consist of ?
vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius (right) rectus femoris (left)
26
describe features of sartorius
longest muscle in the body attaches from the anterior superior iliac spine to the superior medial surface of the tibia flexor abductor lateral rotator also help flexor at the knee joint
27
states the muscles at the thigh
1) rectus femoris 2) sartorius 3) medial hip adductor muscles 4) posterior knee flexor muscles 5) vastus muscles
28
describe features of pectineus
flat muscle forms the base of the femoral triangle attach from the pectineal line of pubis to the anterior surface of the pelvis help adduction and flexion at the hip joint
29
What are the 5 muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and what is the major action?
gracilis obturator externus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus hip adductors and innervated by the obturator nerve (L2-L4)
30
describe gracilis including attachements and actions
most superficial and medial of the muscle attachment: attached from the pubis to the medial surface of the tibia actions: adduction of the thigh
31
state the muscle in the mid thigh
top to bottom - obturator externus - adductor brevis - adductor longus - adductor magnus
32
what are the compartment of the posterior compartment of the thigh
aka hamstrings - biceps femoris - semitendinosus - semimembranosus
33
features and function of the posterior thigh
extend at the hip and flex at the knee - innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
34
what are the 3 compartments in the muscle of the leg?
anterior lateral posterior compartments
35
what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus
36
function of the anterior compartment of leg
- dorsiflex and invert the foot at the ankle joint
37
what are the lateral compartment of the leg?
fibularis longus fibularis brevis
38
what is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg
eversion - turning the sole of the foot outwards
39
state the muscles of the leg
1) fibulari longus 2) fibularis brevis 3) extensor digitorum longus 4) extensor hallucis longus 5) tibialis anterior 6*) lateral malleolus
40
features of posterior compartment of leg and its function?
contains 7 muscles that organised into 2 layers: - superficial - deep Function --> plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
41
what are the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?
gastrocnemius plantaris soleus
42
where will the muscles in the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of leg attached to?
they all will end up in the calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon
43
what are the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg?
Popliteus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus
44
what are the function of the muscles in the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of leg
1 muscle --> poplitus acts only on knee joint (walking) rest of them responsible on the ankle and foot in plantar flexion and inversion
45
what are the most important nerves in the lumbar plexus?
femoral nerve and obturator nerve
46
features of the femoral nerve
derives from L2, 3 & 4 leave under the inguinal ligament to enter the anterior compartment of the thigh * innervates all muscles in the anterior compartment basically responsible for all of the front and part of medial side of the leg and foot
47
most important sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve inferior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve
48
what does inferior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?
derives from L5, S1, S2 support your ass (gluteus maximus)
49
what does superior gluteal nerve innervates and derives from?
L4, L5, S1 gluteus minimus medius and tensor fiscia lata
50
what does sciatic nerve innervates and derives from?
2 parts: Tibial portion - innervates muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh - all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and foot Fibular portion - head of biceps femoris - all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartent of the leg and extensor digitorum bevis **basically ** > all the posterior compartment of the thigh > all muscles of the leg and foot

3yr year anatomy (4 decks)

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