Lower Limb

Question 1

Lateral boundary of femoral triangle

Answer 1

Sartorius

Question 2

Medial boundary of femoral triangle

Answer 2

Adductor longus (medial border)

Question 3

Superior boundary of femoral triangle

Answer 3

Inguinal ligament

Question 4

Roof of femoral triangle

Answer 4

Fascia lata

Question 5

Floor of femoral traingle

Answer 5

(lateral to medial) Iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus

Question 6

Contents of femoral triangle

Answer 6

(lateral to medial) Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal

Question 7

Apex of the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 7

Calcaneus

Question 8

Base of the plantar aponeurosis

Answer 8

Fascia of the five toes

Question 9

Lumbar plexus

Answer 9

Derived from ventral rami L1-L3 and the upper division of L4. Located within the substance of the psoas major muscle. Supplies the lateral, anterior, and medial sides of the thigh

Question 10

Sacral plexus

Answer 10

Derived from ventral rami L5-S4 and the lower division of L4. Located against the lateral wall of the pelvis, medial to the piriformis muscle. Supplies the gluteal region, posterior thigh, leg, and foot.

Question 11

Femoral nerve

Answer 11

Derived from ventral rami L2, L3, and upper L4. Emerges lateral to psoas major and courses deep to the inguinal ligament. Supplies all anterior thigh muscles: iliacus part of iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials, vastus intermedius, and pectineus. Gives off cutaneous innervation via the saphenous nerve and anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 12

Saphenous nerve

Answer 12

Supplies the skin of the anteromedial leg and medial foot

Question 13

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 13

Supplies the skin of the anterior thigh

Question 14

Obturator nerve

Answer 14

Derived from ventral rami L2, L3, and upper L4. Emerges medial to psoas major and divides into two branches: anterior branch and posterior branch.

Question 15

Anterior branch of obturator nerve

Answer 15

Courses antero-inferiorly between adductor longus and adductor brevis supplying both as well as gracilis. Also cutaneously supplies mid-medial thigh.

Question 16

Posterior branch of obturator nerve

Answer 16

Courses postero-inferiorly between adductor brevis and adductor magnus. Innervates obturator externus and the adductor part of adductor magnus.

Question 17

Additional cutaneous branches arising from the lumbar plexus

Answer 17

Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Question 18

Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 18

From lower L4, L5, and S1. Supplies gluteus maximus

Question 19

Inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 19

From L5, S1, S2. Supplies gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae.

Question 20

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

Answer 20

From lower L4, L5, S1, S2. Supplies quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

Question 21

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Answer 21

From L5, S1, S2. Supplies obturator internus and superior gemellus.

Question 22

Nerve to piriformis

Answer 22

From S2. Supplies piriformis

Question 23

Posterior femoral cutaneous

Answer 23

From S1, S2, S3. Supplies skin of posterior thigh

Question 24

Pudendal nerve

Answer 24

From S2, S3, S4. Supplies pelvis and pelvic wall.

Question 25

Sciatic nerve

Answer 25

From lower L4, L5, S1, S2, S3. Has a tibial part and a common fibular part wrapped in a common epineurium. It exits the pelvis and courses below piriformis. It courses between hamstring muscles. The tibial part innervates extensor portion of adductor magnus, the long head of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. The common fibular part innervates the short head of biceps femoris. The two parts separate just proximal to the popliteal fossa

Question 26

Tibial nerve

Answer 26

Passes between the heads of gastrocnemius, deep to soleus, and enters the deep compartment of the leg. Passes deep to the flexor retinaculum on the medial side of the ankle where it divides into medial and later plantar nerves. They supply the plantar surface of the foot. The tibial nerve innervates all 7 muscles of the posterior leg: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.

Question 27

Common fibular nerve

Answer 27

Descends along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa. It does not directly innervate anything before terminating and branching at the neck of the fibula into superficial and deep fibular nerves.

Question 28

Superficial fibular nerve

Answer 28

Courses inferiorly in the lateral compartment between fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, innervating both. It supplies the skin of the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot (except the webspace between the first and second toes)

Question 29

Deep fibular nerve

Answer 29

Passes from the lateral to the anterior compartment and innervates the entire anterior leg: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. It also innervates extensor digitorum brevis. It innervates the skin of the webspace between the first and second toes.

Question 30

Superior-medial boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 30

Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus

Question 31

Superior-lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 31

Biceps femoris

Question 32

Inferior-medial boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 32

Medial head of gastrocnemius

Question 33

Inferior-lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 33

Lateral head of gastrocnemius & Plantaris

Question 34

Roof of the popliteal fossa

Answer 34

Popliteal fascia

Question 35

Floor of the popliteal fossa

Answer 35

Popliteal surface of femur & Oblique popliteal ligament

Question 36

Contents of the popliteal fossa

Answer 36

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve