Lower Limb Flashcards
(25 cards)
Plantar flexors
Both superficial and deep compartments are involved
Superficial. Gastrocnemius soles plantar is
Deep tibialis posterior FDL FHL popliteus
Ankle eversion muscles and nerve supplying the said muscles
Peroneus longus and brevis
Superficial peroneal nerve
Ankle inversion and joint at which it occurs
Tibialis anterior and posterior contract together
Occurs at subtalar joint
What motor and sensory function is lost with
damage to the superficial peroneal nerve?
Inability to evert the foot and loss of sensation over
the dorsum of the foot, apart from the first web
space, which is innervated by the deep peroneal
nerve
Findings in nerve root compression L2
Dermatome anteromedial thigh
Myotome iliopsoas
Reflex none
L3 myotome and dermatome
Quadriceps
Anterior thigh
L4
Dermatome anteromedial leg
Myotome tibialis anterior
Reflex patellar
L5
Dermatome Lateral leg and dorsum of foot/big toe
Myotome EHL and gluteus medius
Reflex medial hamstring
S1
Dermatome posterior calf plantar foot
Myotome gastrosoleus and gluteus Maximus
Reflex Achilles tendon
S2 3 4
Dermatome perinatal
Myotome bowel bladder
Reflex cremasteric
Where would you test sensation of…
L4
S1
deep peroneal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve
Sural nerve
Medial foot
Lateral foot
1st webspace
Dorsum of foot other that first webspace
Lateral malleolus
Movements of EHL and structures passing deep to it
Extends big toe foot dorsiflexion and aids inversion
Anterior tibial artery vein and deep peroneal nerve superficial
Dorsifelxion muscles and at what joint it occurs
EDL EHL tibialis anterior peroneus tertius
At the ankle joint between the tibia/fibula and the talus
Knee and ankle reflex nerve root
L3/ L4 mainly L4
S1
Arteries of the foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
• It is the continuation of the anterior tibial
artery and begins as the anterior tibial
artery crosses the ankle joint.
• It passes anteriorly over the dorsal aspect
of the talus, navicular, and intermediated
cuneiform bones, and then passes
inferiorly, as the deep planter artery,
between the two heads of the first dorsal
interosseous muscle to join the deep
planter arch in the sole of the foot.
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
• Arteries which supply the sole of the foot
• Branches of posterior tibial artery
• Run in the sole between the 1st and 2nd
layer of muscles
• Lateral plantar artery forms plantar arch
along with dorsalis pedis artery
Structures passing deposit to flexor retinaculum/ medial malleolus
• Tibialis posterior tendon
• Flexor Digitorum longus
• posterior tibial Vessels
• posterior tibial Nerve
• Hallucis longus
Structures deep to extensor retinaculum
Tom Has Very Nice Dogs & Pigs
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor Hallucis longus
• Anterior tibial Vessels
• Deep peroneal Nerve
• Extensor Digitorum longus
• Peroneus tertius
Muscles attached to 5th metatarsal
Base peroneus tertius
Tuberosity peroneus brevis
What is ankle joint more stable in dorsiflexio
• The anterior portion of the talus is wider than the posterior portion.
• In dorsiflexion, the talus glides posteriorly and the wider portion becomes wedged into the ankle mortise.
• In planter flexion, the talus moves anteriorly and the ankle becomes a little bit wobbly.
Attachments of deltoid ligament
Superior medial malleolus
Inferior 1. Sustentaculum tali 2. Neck and body of talus 3. Tuberosity of navicular 4. Spring ligament
Parts of deltoid ligament
Anterior tibiotalar ATT
posterior tibiotalar PTT
Tibiocalcaneal TC
Tibionavicular TN
Components of medial arch
Bones: TCN 3 cuneiforms 3 medial metatarsals
Ligaments : long plantar short plantar spring and deltoid ligament plantar aponeurosis
Muscles : tibialis anterior and posterior FHL short muscles of big toe
In case of medial arch muscles are the strongest support
Lateral arch
Bones: calcaneum cuboid 2 lateral metatarsals
Ligaments: short plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis
Muscles: 3 peroneus small muscles of little finger
Ligaments give the strongest support here
Transverse arch
3 cuneiforms and cuboid and base of all metatarsals
Interosseus ligaments
Peroneus longus transverse head if adductor Halle is
