Lower limb

Question 1

1 - 5

Answer 1

1) m. piriformis
2) foramen suprapiriforme
3) lig. sacrospinale
4) lig. sacrotuberale
5) canalis obturatorius

Question 2

6 - 9

Answer 2

6) membrana obturatoria
7) foramen ischiadicum minus
8) spina iliaca
9) foramen infrapiriforme

Question 3

What does canalis obturatorius contain? (3)

Answer 3

• a. + v. obturatoria
• n. obturaturatorius (branch of plexus lumbalis)

Question 4

What are the contents of foramen infrapiriforme? (7)

It is part of… ?

Answer 4

• a. + v. + n. glutealis inferior
• a. + v. pudenda interna
• n. pudendus
• n. sciaticus

…foramen ischiadicum majus

Question 5

What are the contents of foramen suprapiriforme? (3)

It is part of…?

Answer 5

• a. + v. + n. glutealis superior

…foramen ischiadicum majus

Question 6

What are the contents of foramen ischiadicum minus? (3)

Answer 6

• a. + v. pudenda interna
• n. pudendus

Question 7

Hip muscles can be grouped into groups which are…?

Answer 7

• dorsal hip musles (7)
• ventral hip muscles (5)

Question 8

What are the 7 muscles of the dorsal hip?

Answer 8

• m. iliopsoas
• m. psoas minor
• m. gluteus maximus/minimus/medius
• m. tensor fasciae latae
• m. piriformis

Question 9

What are the 5 muscles of the ventral hip?

Answer 9

• m. obturator internus/externus
• m. gemmelus superior/inferior
• m. quadratus femoris

Question 10

1 - 5

Answer 10

1) m. vastus lateralis
2) m. vastus intermedius
3) m. rectus femoris
4) m. vastus medialis
5) m. sartorius

Question 11

6 - 10

Answer 11

6) m. adductor longus
7) m. adductor medius
8) m. gracilis
9) m. semimembranosus
10) m. semitendinosus

Question 12

11 - 15

Answer 12

11) m. biceps femoris
12) n. sciaticus
13) v. saphena magna
14) canalis adductorius
15) a. femoralis

Question 13

16 - 20

Answer 13

16) v. femoralis
17) n. saphenus
18) extensor compartment
19) adductor compartment
20) flexor compartment

Question 14

By which nerve are all the extensors innervated?

Answer 14

n. femoralis

Question 15

1 - 5

Answer 15

1) m. semimembranosus + m. semitendinosus
2) m. biceps femoris
3) m. gastrocnemius
4) m. popliteus
5) n. sciaticus

Question 16

6 - 8

Answer 16

6) a. poplitea
7) v. poplitea
8) n. peroneus profundus

Question 17

What is the base of the fossa poplitea? (3)

Answer 17

• facies poplitea femoris
• m. popliteus
• poster part of the knee joint capsule

Question 18

What pierces the fascia politea?

Answer 18

v. saphena parva

Question 19

1 - 5

Answer 19

1) m. iliopsoas
2) n. cutaneus femoris lateralis
3) n. femoralis
4) n. genitofemoralis ramus femoralis
5) a. femoralis

Question 20

6 - 10

Answer 20

6) v. femoralis
7) Rosenmüller’s lymph node
8) lig. lacunare (Gimbernati’s)
9) lig. inguinale (Poupart’s)
10) spina iliaca anterior superior

Question 21

11 - 14

Answer 21

11) symphysis pubica
12) lacuna musculonervosa
13) lacuna vasorum
14) lacuna lymphatica

Question 22

1 - 5

Answer 22

1) spina iliaca anterior superior
2) lig. inguinale
3) n. femoralis
4) a. femoralis
5) v. femoralis

Question 23

6 - 10

Answer 23

6) hiatus subinguinalis
7) symphysis pubica
8) anulus saphenus (in fasciae latae)
9) m. adductor longus
10) v. saphena magna

Question 24

11 - 15

Answer 24

11) n. saphenus (branch of n. femoralis)
12) m. sartorius
13) fossa iliopectinea (iliopsoas medial, iliacus lateral)
14) canalis adductorius
15) hiatus adductorius (→ fossa poplitea)

Question 25

#16 - 17

Answer 25

16) a. poplitea 17) v. poplitea

Question 26

What are the borders of the hiatus adductorius? (2)

Answer 26

* laterally: femur * medially + superiorly: m. adductor magnus

Question 27

What are the boundaries of canalis adductorius (= Hunter's canal)? (5)

Answer 27

* anteriorly: membrana vastoadductoria, m. sartorius * laterally: m. vastus medialis * medially: m. adductor longus/magnus

Question 28

m. ilopsoas

Answer 28

* ORIGIN * M. PSOAS MAJOR: T12, L1-4, disci intervertebrales, proc. costales L1-5 * M. ILIACUS: fossa iliaca, s. i. a. i. * INSERTION: trochanter major * ACTION: anteflexion, flexion, lat. rotation * INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis

Question 29

m. psoas minor (present in less than 50%)

Answer 29

* ORIGIN: T12, L1 * INSERTION: fascia iliaca * ACTION: supports m. iliopsoas * INNERVATION: plexus lumbalis

Question 30

m. tensor fasciae latae

Answer 30

* ORIGIN: s. i. a. s. * INSERTION: tractus iliotibialis * ACTION: flexion, med. rotation, abduction * INNERVATION: n. glutaeus sup.

Question 31

m. piriformis

Answer 31

* ORIGIN: facies pelvina ossis sacri, foramina sacralia anteriora, incisura ischiadica major * INSERTION: trochanter major * ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction, retroversion * INNERVATION: plexus sacralis

Question 32

m. gluteus maximus

Answer 32

* ORIGIN * PARS SUPERFICIALIS: crista iliaca, s. i. p. s., fascia, thoracolumbalis, os sacrum, os coccyx * PARS PROFUNDUS: ala ossis ilii, lig. sacrotuberale * INSERTION * PARS PROXIMALIS: tractus iliotibialis * PARS DISTALIS: tuberositas glutea * ACTION: extension, lat. rotation, adduction * INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior

Question 33

m. gluteus medius

Answer 33

* ORIGIN: facies glutea alae ossis ilii * INSERTION: trochanter major * ACTION: med. rotation, flexion, lat. rotation, extension, abduction * INNERVATION: n. gluteus sup.

Question 34

m. gluteus minimus

Answer 34

like m. gluteus medius * ORIGIN: facies glutea alae ossis ilii * INSERTION: trochanter major * ACTION: med. rotation, flexion, lat. rotation, extension, abduction * INNERVATION: n. gluteus superior

Question 35

The dorsal muscles of the back are innervated by..? (4)

Answer 35

* plexus sacralis * m. piriformis * plexus lumbalis * m. iliopsoas * m. psoas minor * n. gluteus inferior * m. gluteus maximus * n. gluteus superior * m. gluteus minimus * m. gluteus medius

Question 36

m. obturator internus

Answer 36

* ORIGIN: os coxae, membrana obturatoria * INSERTION: fossa trochanterica * ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction (sitting) * INNERVATION: plexus sacralis

Question 37

m. obturator externus

Answer 37

* ORIGIN: membrana obturatoria * INSERTION: fossa trochanterica * ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction * INNERVATION: n. obturatorius

Question 38

mm. gemelli (2)

Answer 38

* ORIGIN: * superior: spina ischiadica * inferior: tuber ischiadicum * INSERTION: fossa trochanterica * ACTION: support m. obturator internus * INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior, plexus sacralis

Question 39

m. quadratus femoris

Answer 39

* ORIGIN: tuber ischiadicum * INSERTION: crista intertrochanterica * ACTION: lat. rotation, abduction * INNERVATION: n. gluteus inferior, plexus sacralis

Question 40

Triceps coxae is made up by...? (3)

Answer 40

* mm. gemelli * m. obturator internus

Question 41

#1 - 5

Answer 41

1) m. extensor digitorum longus 2) m. extensor hallucis longus 3) m. tibialis anterior 4) m. tibialis posterior 5) m. flexor digitorum longus

Question 42

#6 - 10

Answer 42

6) m. soleus 7) tendo m. plantaris 8) m. gastrocnemius 9) m. flexor hallucis longus 10) m. peroneus brevis

Question 43

#11 - 15

Answer 43

11) m. peroneus longus 12) n. fibularis profundus 13) a. tibialis anterior 14) v. tibialis anterior 15) n. tibialis

Question 44

#16 - 20

Answer 44

16) a. + v. tibialis posterior 17) n. saphenus 18) v. saphena magna 19) v. saphena parva 20) n. fibularis superficialis

Question 45

#21 - 23

Answer 45

21) extensor compartment 22) flexor compartment 23) peroneal compartment

Question 46

What are the borders of canalis femoralis? (4)

Answer 46

* anteriorly: fascia lata * medially: m. pectineus * posteriorly: m. pectineus, m. adductor magnus * laterally: v. femoralis

Question 47

What are the contents of canalis femoralis? (2)

Answer 47

* Rosenmüller's lymphnode * lymph vessels

Question 48

What are the inlet and outlet of canalis femoralis?

Answer 48

* inlet: anulus femoralis * outlet: saphenus hiatus

Question 49

What is the clinical significance of the canalis femoralis? (2)

Answer 49

* common site of hernia * v. femoralis can expand laterally if you have increased venous return