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MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

make sure can name the parts of the hip bone

A 
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac crest
pubis 
ischium
pubic tubercle 
pubic crest
pubic symphysis 
obturator foramen
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2
Q

make sure can name the parts of the femur

A 
head 
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter 
lateral epicondyle 
medial epicondyle
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3
Q

what are the two veins of the lower limbs

A

great saphenous

small saphenous

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4
Q

what vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus

A

great saphenous

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5
Q

which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus

A

small saphenous

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6
Q

what vein empties into the femoral vein

A

great saphenous

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7
Q

what vein empties into the popliteal vein

A

call saphenous

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8
Q

the lymphatic vessels are split into 2 categories

A

superficial and deep

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9
Q

what are the 3 categories of lymph nodes

A

superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
popliteal lymph nodes

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10
Q

where does lymph vessels accompanying great saphaneous go

A

superficial inguinal

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11
Q

where does lymph vessels accomanying small saphenous go

A

popliteal

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12
Q

know he dermatomes of the lower limb

A

eg l3 for knee

s1 for little toe and sole

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13
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

synovial ball and socket

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14
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

a fibrocartilage collar which deepens the cavity and stops the hip slipping out

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15
Q

what is the iliofemoral ligament

A

comes from the superior anterior iliac spine, prevents hyperextension

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16
Q

what is the pubofemoral ligament

A

between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line prevents hyper abduction

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17
Q

what is the ischiofemoral ligament

A

between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur

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18
Q

what are the hip flexors

A

iliacus
psoas major
psoas minor

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19
Q

what is iliopsoas muscle

A

iliacus and psoas major

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20
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A 
biceps femoris
semitendinous
semimembranous
gluteus maximus- main extensor 
all innervated by sciatic nerve
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21
Q

what are the adductors of the hip joint, medial compartment

A 
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis 
obturator
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22
Q

what is the adductor compartment supplied by

A

obturator nerve which goes through the obturator canal

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23
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior thigh

A

pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris

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24
Q

what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps

A

rectus femrois
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

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25
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior rthigh

A

femoral nerve, they extend the knee and flex the hip

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26
Q

to which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach

A

below tibial tuberosity

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27
Q

what are the actions sartorius has on the hip

A

flex, abduct

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28
Q

what passes through the adductor hiatrus

A

femoral vessels, femoral artery, vein and saphenous nerve

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29
Q

medial thing muscles

A

peanut butter leaves me greasy

pectinous, brevis, longus, Magnus, gracilis

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30
Q

what is the femoral artery a continuation of

A

external iliac arerty, which changes when the inguinal ligament enters the femoral triangle

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31
Q

where does the femoral artery enter the thigh

A

ant sup iliac spine

pubic symphysis

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32
Q

what is the large branch which passes posteriorly to the hamstrings

A

lateral circumflex femoral atery

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33
Q

what is the femoral vein a continuation of

A

popliteal vein

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34
Q

which two veins drain into the femoral triangle

A

profunda femoris vein

great saphenous vein

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35
Q

the femoral nerve is the largest brach of the lumbar plexus, what does it supply

A

saritorius
pectinues
iliacus
rectus femoris

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36
Q

what is the femoral triangle

A

a triangular depression below the inguinal ligament , basically the same as the axilla

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37
Q

what is the medial border of the triangle

A

adductor longus

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38
Q

what is the lateral border of the traingle

A

saritorus

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39
Q

what are the contents of the triangle

A 
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein 
NAV
lymph nodes and vessels
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40
Q

what is the femoral sheath

A

funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds contents but not nerve

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41
Q

what is the adductor canal

A

allows the anterior femoral artery to becomes the posterior popliteal artery

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42
Q

what are the roots of the lumbar plexus

A

l1-l4

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43
Q

what does the femoral nerve innervate

A

anterior compartment of the thigh

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44
Q

what does the obturator nerve innervate

A

medial compartment of the thigh

45
Q

what is the pelvic girdle

A

bony ring consisting of the sacrum and left and right hip bones joint at the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints

46
Q

what are the ligaments of the pelvic

A

sacrotuberous ligament

scarospinous ligament

47
Q

what is the route for structure entering pelvis

A

greater sciatic foramen

lesser sciatic foramen

48
Q

what are the 2 layers of gluteal muscles

A

superficial and deep

49
Q

what muscles are in the superficial layer

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
tensor fasciae latae

50
Q

what muscles are in the deep layer

A 
piriformis 
obturator internus
superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
they are lateral rotators of the hip
51
Q

what are the layers of gluteal muscles

A

gluteus Maximus-extension and external rotation of the hip, innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius
gluteus minimis

52
Q

where is the iliotibial tract

A

lateral edge

53
Q

what are two muscles attached the to ilotibial tract

A

tensor fasciae latae

54
Q

what muscles for the quadriceps femoris

A

vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
vastus medialis

55
Q

what is the action of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae

A

adbcutors and medial rotators of the hip, innervated by superior gluetal nerve

56
Q

what are the roots of the sacral plexus

A

l4,5 s1-s4

57
Q

what are the two main branches of sacral plexus

A

sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve

58
Q

what muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

59
Q

what muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus maximus

60
Q

where does sciatic nerve come from

A

pirifmoris splits into common fibular nerve and tibial nerve

61
Q

what are the roots of the sciatic nerev

A

l4-s3, innervates posterior thigh muscles

62
Q

which 3 muscles make up the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris-long and short head
semitendinous
semimembranous

63
Q

what is the action of the hamstrings

A

extension of hip

flexion of knee

64
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint

A

synovial hinge

65
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the joint

A

medial and lateral condyles of the femur
tibia
posterior surfaces of the patella
fibula is not involved

66
Q

what meniscus is circular

A

lateral

67
Q

what meniscus is C shaped

A

medial

68
Q

which ligaments are on the outside of the knee

A

collateral ligaments

69
Q

which ligaments are on the inside of the knee

A

cruciate ligaments

70
Q

describe the lateral collateral ligament

A

on the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

71
Q

describe the medial collateral ligament

A

on the medial epicondyle of femur to the medial surface of the tibia, it is firmly attached to the medial meniscus to prevent dislocation of the knee

72
Q

purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia and prevents dislocation of the knee

73
Q

purpose of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents femur from sliding posteriorly

74
Q

what is the function of menisci

A

disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement

75
Q

what muscles cause flexion of the knee joint

A

hamstrings
gracilis
sartoirus
politeus

76
Q

what muscles cause extension of the knee joint

A

quadriceps femoris

77
Q

name bursae around the knee joint

A

supra patellar
prepatella
infrapatella

78
Q

the leg is split into what compartments

A

anterior
lateral
posterior

79
Q

muscles of anterior leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicius longus
fibulas tertius

80
Q

what is the splitting of common fibular nerve

A

superficial fibular nerve

deep fibular nerve- goes medial

81
Q

what is the blood supply to the anterior leg

A

anterior tibial artery, branch of popliteal artery

82
Q

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment

A

fibulas longus

fibularis brevis

83
Q

what nerve supplies the lateral comparmtnet

A

superifical tibial nerve

84
Q

what type of joint is the ankle joint

A

syovial hinge

85
Q

whats at the lower end of the tibia and fibula

A

lateral and medial malleolus

86
Q

the articular surfaces of the ankle are

A

distal end of tibia and fibula

superior end of talus bone

87
Q

the ankle joint is unstable in what movement

A

plantar flexion

88
Q

what ankle joint ligament is the weakest

A

lateral ligament

89
Q

what movement causes ankle sprains

A

inversion

90
Q

what muscles cause dorsifelxion

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitroum longus
extensor hallicus longus

91
Q

what muscles cause plantar flexion

A

flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus
gastroceminus
soleus

92
Q

what type of joint is the tibia-fibular joint

A

synovial plane

93
Q

what type of joint is the distal fibular joint

A

synovial plane

94
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

a fat filled diamond shaped space posterior to the knee joint

95
Q

what is the medial border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembraneous muscle

96
Q

what is the lateral border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris muscle

97
Q

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa

A 
fat
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve 
common fibular nerve
98
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial posterior leg

A

gastrocnemius
calcaneal tendon-achilles
plantaris muscle
soleus muscle

99
Q

what nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior leg

A

tibial nerve, supplied by postrieor tibial artery

100
Q

where can the tibial artery be palpated

A

posterior surface of the medial malleolus

101
Q

what muscles are in the deep posterior leg

A 
popliteus
tibialis posterior 
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallicus longus
tom, dick , harry
102
Q

know the bones in the feet

A 
phalanges
metatarsals
tarsals 
cuneiforms
navicular-medial 
cuboid-lateral
talus 
calcaneus
103
Q

what are the muscles of the foot innervated by

A

branches of tibial nerve, medial and plantar nerves

104
Q

what muscles are on the dorsal aspect of the foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallicus brevis

105
Q

what muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot

A

absuctor hallicus
abductor digiti minimi
plantar digitorum brevis

106
Q

what muscles are in the second layer of the planter aspect of the foot

A

quadratus planate

lumbricals

107
Q

what are passive factors which keep the arches in the foot

A

shaped of united bones
plantar aponeurosis
long plantar ligamanet
short plantar ligament

108
Q

what are the dynamic factors which keeps the arches of the foot

A

intrinsic muscles of the foot
long flexor tendons
tendon of tibias anterior and fibulas longus

MSK Anatomy (2 decks)

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