Lower Limb

Question 1

what is the rule for convex on concave

Answer 1

if the movement is a convex bone on a concave bone, the slide and glide will be opposite

Question 2

what is the rule for concave on convex

Answer 2

the movement is in the same direction

Question 3

what plane and axis is flexion/extension

Answer 3

it occurs in the sagittal plane along the medial- lateral axis

Question 4

what plane and axis does abduction/adduction

Answer 4

frontal plane and along the anterior/posterior axis

Question 5

what plane and axis does internal/external rotation occur

Answer 5

horizontal plane along the vertical axis

Question 6

what does Genus Valgum mean

Answer 6

decrease angle at the lateral aspect of the knee (Knock knee)

Question 7

what does Genus Varum mean

Answer 7

increase of angle at the lateral aspect of the knee (Bow Legged)

Question 8

What does the q angle mean

Answer 8

the angle from the ASIS to the middle of the patella & tubial tuberoisty (Ave 13-15 degrees)

Question 9

Locking/Unlocking of the knee (screw home mechanism) what are three important factors

Answer 9

driven by 3 factors

• Femoral condyle shape
• Passive tenson in ACL
• Slight lateral pull of quardricpes muscles.

Question 10

OPEN chain knee extension. how does the tibia move

Answer 10

to unlock the knee popliteus internal/medial rotates the tibia on femur

Question 11

CLOSED chain knee extension, how does the fibular move

Answer 11

to inantied knee flexion from a seated position the poplites EXTERNAL rotates the femur upon the tibia

Question 12

What movement does the ACL prevent

Answer 12

Resists

• Knee hyperextension
• Anterior translation of the tibia on the femur
• Posterior translation of the femur on tibia

Injury vectors

• Hyperextension
• Rotation
• Valgus force

Question 13

What movements does the PCL prevent

Answer 13

Resists

• Knee Flexion
• Posterior translation of tibia on femur
• Anterior transaltion of femur on tibia

Injury Vectors
-Hyperflexion
Posterior translation of knee