Lower limb anatomy Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
What is the heaviest bone in the body?
A
Femur
3
Q
Kicking someone on the medial side of the knee produces what sort of force?
A
Varus
4
Q
What do we call the space between the malleoli of the distal tibia and fibula?
A
Mortice
5
Q
What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?
A
Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, biceps femoris
6
Q
A
Tibial tuberosity
7
Q
A
Extensor hallucis longus
8
Q
A
Medial condyle of femur
9
Q
A
Iliofemural ligament
10
Q
What is the senosry distribution of the femoral nerve and its branches?
A
Anteromedial thigh and medial knee, leg and ankle
11
Q
Where does the femoral nerve divide into its terminal branches?
A
1 inch below the inguinal ligament
12
Q
A
Femoral nerve
13
Q
A
Femoral nerve
14
Q
A
Tibial nerve
15
Q
A
Popliteus
16
Q
A
Ischial spine
17
Q
In compartment syndrome, how long until muscle will be damaged?
A
6-8 hours
18
Q
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
A
Passes anterior to medial malleolus
Up medial medial leg
Posterior to medial epicondyle at knee
Up medial thigh
Joins femoral vein just below inguinal ligament
19
Q
A
PCL
20
Q
A
Attachment of ACL
21
Q
Wuthin which structure does the lumbar plexus form?
A
Psoas major muscle
22
Q
A
Tibial nerve
23
Q
What are the 4 layers of the plantar aponeurosis?
A
Short intrinsic muscles
Long tendons
Short muscles
Interossei muscles
24
Q
Which muscles does the achilles tendon come from?
A
Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
25
Gastrocnemius
26
Obturator nerve
27
Patellar ligament
28
Which part of the pelvis bears weight when sitting down?
Ischial tuberosity
29
Which muscles prevent pelvic drop during the swing phase of gait?
Gluteus medius and minimus
30
Where does the centre of gravity pass with reference to the hip?
Behind
31
What attaches to the soleal line of the tibia?
Soleus muscle
32
What is the proper name for the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
33
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
34
Patellar ligament
35
What does the linea aspera split into at its distal end?
Medial and lateral suprcondylar lines
36
Flexor digitorum longus
37
Superior fibular retinaculum
38
Brachii profunda artery
39
Where does the sciatic nerve classically divide into its terminal branches?
2/3 of the way down the thigh at the apex of the popliteal fossa
40
What separates the anterior compartment from the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Interosseus membrane
41
Which artery does the peroneal artery come from?
Posterior tibial artery
42
Which ligament resists varus forces on the knee?
Lateral collateral ligament
43
Greater trochanter
44
Flexor retinaculum
45
Vastus medialis
46
Which spinal nerve(s) does the obturator nerve come from?
L2,3,4
47
Anterior superior iliac spine
48
Extensor hallucis longus
49
Tibial tuberosity
50
What is the oblique line on the back of the tibia?
Soleal line
51
Intertrochanteric crest
52
Tibialis anterior
53
What are the 5 Ps of compartment syndrome?
Pain, pulseless, pale, paraesthesia and paralysis
54
Which 3 ligaments reinforce the hip joint?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral
55
In which position is the ankle less stable?
Plantarflexed
56
Tibialis posterior
57
Greater trochanter
58
What is the acronym for remembering the contents of the flexor retinaculum?
Tom, Dick and very naught Harry
59
Soleal line
60
When does the anterior tibial artery become the dorsalis pedis artery?
After it passess through extensor retinaculum
61
Where does the tibial nerve pass through the ankle?
Behind the medial malleolus
62
Flexor hallucis longus
63
Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve supply?
Anterior compartment of leg and extensor digitorum brevis
64
Iliac crest
65
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
66
In what direction does the head of femur face?
Up, medial and forwards
67
Where does the soleus muscle take its origin from?
Soleal line
68
What are the predominant movements of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the knee and flex the hip
69
What shape is the tibial shaft in cross section?
Triangular
70
Which muscle unlocks the knee from extension?
Popliteus
71
Tibial collateral ligament
72
Medial plantar nerve
73
Iliac tuberosity
74
Which muscles flex the hip?
Psoas major and iliacus
75
Why do pregnant or obese people sometimes have pins and needles in their lateral thigh?
Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh as it passes under inguinal ligament next to ASIS
76
Nerve?
Superficial fibular nerve
77
Nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
78
Which muscles does the tibial nerve supply?
Muscles of posterior leg and sole of foot
79
Which nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
80
Through what does the sciatic nerve pass to exit the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
81
When is the knee most secure?
In extension
82
Which muscles externally rotate the thigh?
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris People Often Go Quietly
83
Tibialis posterior
84
Tendon of biceps femoris
85
These are branches of which nerve?
Sural nerve
86
Which joint gives inversion and eversion of the ankle?
Subtalar joint
87
Tibial collateral ligament
88
Greater trochanter
89
What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus
90
Is this left or right knee?
Right
91
Which muscle is key to the neurovascular bundle of the gluteal region?
Piriformis
92
Sural nerve
93
Common fibular nerve
94
Deep fibular nerve
95
Flexor digitorum longus
96
Which muscle does the achilles tendon belong to?
Soleus
97
Which bone is this?
Tibia
98
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
99
Tibial nerve
100
What demarcates the gluteal region from the thigh on the posterior aspect?
Gluteal fold
101
Anterior cruciate ligament
102
Iliohypogastric nerve
103
Medial sural cutaneous nerve from sciatic nerve
104
Fibularis longus
105
PCL
106
Medial meniscus
107
What is the sensory distribution of the tibial nerve?
Posterior leg and sole of foot
108
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the common fibular nerve?
Upper lateral leg via the sural cutaneous nerve
109
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
110
Lunate surface of acetabulum
111
Common fibular nerve
112
Which nerve travels between the deep and superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
113
Which bone is the red one?
Pubis
114
Tibialis anterior
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
115
Pes anserinus
116
Medial condyle of femur
117
Which of the femural condyles is longer?
Medial
118
Which bone is the red one?
Pubis
119
Attachment of PCL
120
Fibularis tertius
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
121
Which compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve travel in?
Posterior compartment
122
Which two muscles are the main abductors of the hip?
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
123
What do we call the large lateral thickening of the fascia lata?
Iliotibial tract
124
Obturator foramen
125
In compartment syndrome, how long until the nerve will be damaged?
2-4 hours
126
Which muscles does the common fibular nerve proper supply?
None
127
Which muscles does the sciatic nerve proper supply?
Hamstrings except short head of biceps
128
Sural nerve
129
To which structures does the flexor retinaculum attach?
Calcaneus and medial malleolus of the tibia
130
Which bone does the achilles tendon insert into?
Calcaneus
131
Tibial collateral ligament
132
Quadriceps femoris tendon
133
What angle does the neck of femur form?
125 degrees
134
Which side is medial?
Right side of the picture =\> =\>
135
Fibularis brevis
136
Which spinal nerve(s) does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh come from?
L2,3
137
Tibialis anterior
138
Lesser trochanter
139
Which muscles does the femoral nerve supply?
Quadruceps, sartorius and pectineus
140
Ilioinguinal nerve
141
Which artery does dorsalis pedis come from?
Anterior tibial artery
142
Iliotibial tract
143
Lateral meniscus
144
Which spinal nerve(s) does the genitofemoral nerve come from?
L1,2
145
Where does the patella tendon attach?
Tibial tuberosity
146
Saphenous nerve
147
Medial epicondyle of femur
148
Which muscle does profunda femoris give perforating branches through?
Abbductor magnus
149
Which 3 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior
150
Greater trochanter
151
What movement does tibialis posterior contribute to?
Eversion of the foot
152
Extensor digitorum longus
153
What are the 2 main movements of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the hip and flex the knee
154
Which ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?
Posterior cruciate ligament
155
Which muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
156
What is the primary movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Eversion of the foot
157
Extensory digitorum longus
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
158
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
159
Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve
160
Medial patellar retinaculum
161
Which way is anterior?
Up
162
Iliofemural ligament
163
Gastrocnemius
164
Which bone is the yellow one?
Ilium
165
ACL
166
What is the lateral collateral ligament also known as?
Fibular collateral ligament
167
Which movements is gluteus maximus responsible for?
Extension and lateral rotation of the hip
168
Sciatic nerve
169
Which compartment of the thigh does the femoral nerve travel in?
Anterior
170
Which bone is the blue one?
Ischium
171
Lesser trochanter
172
Which 3 bones make up the hip ?
Ileum, ischium and pubis
173
Which nerves contribute to the sural nerve?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
174
Lateral plantar nerve
175
Pes anserinus
176
How does the posteior tibial artery enter the foot?
Behind the medial malleolus
177
The iliotibial tract is the shared tendon of which two muscles?
Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
178
What is the acronym for remembering the structures that pass through the extensor retinaculum?
Timothy has a nasty dirty toe
179
Common fibular nerve
180
Which nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
181
Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve
182
What are the 2 terminal branches of the common fibular nerve?
Deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve
183
What are the two movement of the muscles of the lateral anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
184
Which bone is this?
Femur
185
In which compartment does the posterior tibial artery run in?
Deep posterior of leg
186
What is the predominant movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Evert the foot
187
Flexor hallucis longus
188
Where do all 4 of the quadriceps muscles insert into?
Tibial tuberosity
189
Tibial nerve
190
Soleus
191
Which ligament resists valgus forces on the knee?
Medial collateral ligament
192
Obturator nerve
193
Extensor retinaculum
194
Which artery is in the anterior comparment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery
195
Kicking someone on the lateral side of the knee produces what sort of force?
Valgus (L=L)
196
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the obturator nerve?
Inferomedial thigh (just above knee)
197
In which compartmetn of the thigh does the femoral artery travel?
Anterior
198
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
After it passes through inguinal ligament
199
Which muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
Adductor muscles and pectineus
200
Pubofemural ligament
201
Which spinal nerve(s) does the ilioinguinal nerve come from?
L1
202
ACL
203
What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?
Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and rectus femoris
204
Which muscle is used by a soccer player taking a penalty kick?
Rectus femoris
205
Which nerve travels under the cover of the short head of biceps femoris?
Sciatic nerve
206
Which tendon is this?
Fibularis tertius
207
What are the primary actions of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
208
Nerve?
Tibial nerve
209
Vastus lateralis
210
Which muscles does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
Lateral compartment of leg
Fibularis longus and brevis
211
Ischial spine
212
Acetabular labrum
213
Pubic tubercle
214
What are the 3 pairs of structures that give most support to the knee?
Menesci, collateral ligaments and cruciate ligaments
215
Popliteus
216
Lesser trochanter
217
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
218
Posterior cruciate ligament
219
Which muscle is used when checking your shoe for dog poo?
Sartorius
220
Superficial fibular nerve
221
Which bone is the yellow one?
Ilium
222
Which nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into at its terminal division?
Common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
223
What are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
224
Extensor digitorum longus
225
Zona orbicularis
226
Which artery does profunda femoris come from?
Femoral artery
227
When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
After it passes through the adductor hiatus (the hole in adductor magnus)
228
Fibularis longus
229
Which nerves are blocked in a "3 in 1 block"?
Femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerves
230
Pubic tubercle
231
Which part of the head of femur does not articulate with the hip?
Fovea
232
Which 2 muscles attach to the soleal line?
Soleus and popliteus
233
Obturator nerve
234
What do we call the socket for the hip joint?
Acetabulum
235
What is the proper name for the big toe?
Hallux
236
Which way is anterior?
Bottom of image
237
Anterior superior iliac spine
238
Psoas bursa
239
Tibialis anterior
240
Lateral patellar retinaculum
241
Tibial nerve
242
Fibularis brevis
243
Where does the gluteus maximus arise?
The gluteal surface of the ilium and the posterior sacrum
244
What are the muscle insertions of the pes anserinus?
Say Grace Before Tea Sartorius. Gracilis. Bursa. semi-Tendinosus
245
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
246
Inferior fibular retinaculum
247
Popliteus
248
When the tibia is fixed, which direction will the femur rotate for the final 15 degrees of extension?
Medial rotation
249
Which spinal nerve(s) does the iliohypogastricl nerve come from?
L1
250
Acetabulum
251
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the superficial fibular nerve?
The lower lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
252
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
253
Which compartment of the thigh does the obturator nerve travel in?
Medial
254
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
255
Anterior inferior iliac spine
256
Which malleolus of the ankle extends further inferiorly?
Lateral
257
Extensory hallucis longus
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
258
What are the shock absorbers of the knee?
Menisci
259
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
260
Between which layers of the plantar aponeurosis does the neurovascular bundle pass?
1 and 2
261
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the deep fibular nerve?
The first toe cleft (between 1st and 2nd toes on dorsum of foot)
262
Anterior cruciate ligament
263
Medial malleolus
264
When the femur rotates on the tibia, what do we call this locking in?
Screw home
265
Which bone is the blue one?
Ischium
266
What is the unhappy triad of knee injuries?
injury to ACL, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
267
Which muscle does the femoral artery perforate to get to the posterior knee?
Adductor magnus
268
Which spinal nerve(s) does the femoral nerve come from?
L2,3,4
269
In which compartment of the thigh does the sciatic nerve travel?
Posterior compartment
270
Lateral condyle of femur
271
Ischiofemoral ligament
272
Which nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
273
Vastus medialis
274
Which bone of the tarsals does the tibia articulate with?
Talus
275
Which is the largest of the tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
276
Fibularis tertius
277
Greater trochanter
278
Soleus
279
Obturator artery
280
Lateral meniscus
281
Obturator crest
282
Which ventral rami typically give rise to the lumbar plexus?
L1-4
283
Nerve?
Saphenous nerve
284
In full extension of the knee, which ligaments are tight?
All of them
285
Which ligament provides the axis of rotation for the knee?
ACL
286
Where is the popliteal vein formed?
At the knee
287
Posterior cruciate ligament
288
Which is the largest nerve in the body?
Sciatic nerve
289
What line runs along the back of the femur?
Linea aspera
290
Genitofemoral nerve
291
Which ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?
Anterior cruciate ligament
