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Nick's Anatomy > Lower limb anatomy > Flashcards

Lower limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the heaviest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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3
Q

Kicking someone on the medial side of the knee produces what sort of force?

A

Varus

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4
Q

What do we call the space between the malleoli of the distal tibia and fibula?

A

Mortice

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5
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?

A

Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, biceps femoris

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6
Q
A

Tibial tuberosity

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7
Q
A

Extensor hallucis longus

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8
Q
A

Medial condyle of femur

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9
Q
A

Iliofemural ligament

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10
Q

What is the senosry distribution of the femoral nerve and its branches?

A

Anteromedial thigh and medial knee, leg and ankle

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11
Q

Where does the femoral nerve divide into its terminal branches?

A

1 inch below the inguinal ligament

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12
Q
A

Femoral nerve

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13
Q
A

Femoral nerve

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14
Q
A

Tibial nerve

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15
Q
A

Popliteus

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16
Q
A

Ischial spine

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17
Q

In compartment syndrome, how long until muscle will be damaged?

A

6-8 hours

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18
Q

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

A

Passes anterior to medial malleolus

Up medial medial leg

Posterior to medial epicondyle at knee

Up medial thigh

Joins femoral vein just below inguinal ligament

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19
Q
A

PCL

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20
Q
A

Attachment of ACL

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21
Q

Wuthin which structure does the lumbar plexus form?

A

Psoas major muscle

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22
Q
A

Tibial nerve

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23
Q

What are the 4 layers of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Short intrinsic muscles

Long tendons

Short muscles

Interossei muscles

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24
Q

Which muscles does the achilles tendon come from?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

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25
Q
A

Gastrocnemius

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26
Q
A

Obturator nerve

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27
Q
A

Patellar ligament

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28
Q

Which part of the pelvis bears weight when sitting down?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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29
Q

Which muscles prevent pelvic drop during the swing phase of gait?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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30
Q

Where does the centre of gravity pass with reference to the hip?

A

Behind

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31
Q

What attaches to the soleal line of the tibia?

A

Soleus muscle

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32
Q

What is the proper name for the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural joint

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33
Q
A

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve

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34
Q
A

Patellar ligament

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35
Q

What does the linea aspera split into at its distal end?

A

Medial and lateral suprcondylar lines

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36
Q
A

Flexor digitorum longus

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37
Q
A

Superior fibular retinaculum

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38
Q
A

Brachii profunda artery

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39
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve classically divide into its terminal branches?

A

2/3 of the way down the thigh at the apex of the popliteal fossa

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40
Q

What separates the anterior compartment from the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Interosseus membrane

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41
Q

Which artery does the peroneal artery come from?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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42
Q

Which ligament resists varus forces on the knee?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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43
Q
A

Greater trochanter

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44
Q
A

Flexor retinaculum

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45
Q
A

Vastus medialis

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46
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the obturator nerve come from?

A

L2,3,4

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47
Q
A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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48
Q
A

Extensor hallucis longus

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49
Q
A

Tibial tuberosity

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50
Q

What is the oblique line on the back of the tibia?

A

Soleal line

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51
Q
A

Intertrochanteric crest

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52
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

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53
Q

What are the 5 Ps of compartment syndrome?

A

Pain, pulseless, pale, paraesthesia and paralysis

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54
Q

Which 3 ligaments reinforce the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral

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55
Q

In which position is the ankle less stable?

A

Plantarflexed

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56
Q
A

Tibialis posterior

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57
Q
A

Greater trochanter

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58
Q

What is the acronym for remembering the contents of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Tom, Dick and very naught Harry

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59
Q
A

Soleal line

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60
Q

When does the anterior tibial artery become the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

After it passess through extensor retinaculum

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61
Q

Where does the tibial nerve pass through the ankle?

A

Behind the medial malleolus

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62
Q
A

Flexor hallucis longus

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63
Q

Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve supply?

A

Anterior compartment of leg and extensor digitorum brevis

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64
Q
A

Iliac crest

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65
Q
A

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve

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66
Q

In what direction does the head of femur face?

A

Up, medial and forwards

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67
Q

Where does the soleus muscle take its origin from?

A

Soleal line

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68
Q

What are the predominant movements of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extend the knee and flex the hip

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69
Q

What shape is the tibial shaft in cross section?

A

Triangular

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70
Q

Which muscle unlocks the knee from extension?

A

Popliteus

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71
Q
A

Tibial collateral ligament

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72
Q
A

Medial plantar nerve

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73
Q
A

Iliac tuberosity

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74
Q

Which muscles flex the hip?

A

Psoas major and iliacus

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75
Q

Why do pregnant or obese people sometimes have pins and needles in their lateral thigh?

A

Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh as it passes under inguinal ligament next to ASIS

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76
Q

Nerve?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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77
Q

Nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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78
Q

Which muscles does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Muscles of posterior leg and sole of foot

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79
Q

Which nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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80
Q

Through what does the sciatic nerve pass to exit the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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81
Q

When is the knee most secure?

A

In extension

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82
Q

Which muscles externally rotate the thigh?

A

Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris People Often Go Quietly

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83
Q
A

Tibialis posterior

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84
Q
A

Tendon of biceps femoris

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85
Q

These are branches of which nerve?

A

Sural nerve

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86
Q

Which joint gives inversion and eversion of the ankle?

A

Subtalar joint

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87
Q
A

Tibial collateral ligament

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88
Q
A

Greater trochanter

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89
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus

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90
Q

Is this left or right knee?

A

Right

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91
Q

Which muscle is key to the neurovascular bundle of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis

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92
Q
A

Sural nerve

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93
Q
A

Common fibular nerve

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94
Q
A

Deep fibular nerve

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95
Q
A

Flexor digitorum longus

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96
Q

Which muscle does the achilles tendon belong to?

A

Soleus

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97
Q

Which bone is this?

A

Tibia

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98
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

A

Patella

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99
Q
A

Tibial nerve

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100
Q

What demarcates the gluteal region from the thigh on the posterior aspect?

A

Gluteal fold

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101
Q
A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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102
Q
A

Iliohypogastric nerve

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103
Q
A

Medial sural cutaneous nerve from sciatic nerve

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104
Q
A

Fibularis longus

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105
Q
A

PCL

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106
Q
A

Medial meniscus

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107
Q

What is the sensory distribution of the tibial nerve?

A

Posterior leg and sole of foot

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108
Q

What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the common fibular nerve?

A

Upper lateral leg via the sural cutaneous nerve

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109
Q
A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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110
Q
A

Lunate surface of acetabulum

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111
Q
A

Common fibular nerve

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112
Q

Which nerve travels between the deep and superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

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113
Q

Which bone is the red one?

A

Pubis

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114
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)

Tib ant

EHL

Ant tib artery

Deep peroneal nerve

EDL

Fibularis tertius

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115
Q
A

Pes anserinus

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116
Q
A

Medial condyle of femur

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117
Q

Which of the femural condyles is longer?

A

Medial

118
Q

Which bone is the red one?

A

Pubis

119
Q
A

Attachment of PCL

120
Q
A

Fibularis tertius

(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)

Tib ant

EHL

Ant tib artery

Deep peroneal nerve

EDL

Fibularis tertius

121
Q

Which compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve travel in?

A

Posterior compartment

122
Q

Which two muscles are the main abductors of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

123
Q

What do we call the large lateral thickening of the fascia lata?

A

Iliotibial tract

124
Q
A

Obturator foramen

125
Q

In compartment syndrome, how long until the nerve will be damaged?

A

2-4 hours

126
Q

Which muscles does the common fibular nerve proper supply?

A

None

127
Q

Which muscles does the sciatic nerve proper supply?

A

Hamstrings except short head of biceps

128
Q
A

Sural nerve

129
Q

To which structures does the flexor retinaculum attach?

A

Calcaneus and medial malleolus of the tibia

130
Q

Which bone does the achilles tendon insert into?

A

Calcaneus

131
Q
A

Tibial collateral ligament

132
Q
A

Quadriceps femoris tendon

133
Q

What angle does the neck of femur form?

A

125 degrees

134
Q

Which side is medial?

A

Right side of the picture => =>

135
Q
A

Fibularis brevis

136
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh come from?

A

L2,3

137
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

138
Q
A

Lesser trochanter

139
Q

Which muscles does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Quadruceps, sartorius and pectineus

140
Q
A

Ilioinguinal nerve

141
Q

Which artery does dorsalis pedis come from?

A

Anterior tibial artery

142
Q
A

Iliotibial tract

143
Q
A

Lateral meniscus

144
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the genitofemoral nerve come from?

A

L1,2

145
Q

Where does the patella tendon attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

146
Q
A

Saphenous nerve

147
Q
A

Medial epicondyle of femur

148
Q

Which muscle does profunda femoris give perforating branches through?

A

Abbductor magnus

149
Q

Which 3 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior

150
Q
A

Greater trochanter

151
Q

What movement does tibialis posterior contribute to?

A

Eversion of the foot

152
Q
A

Extensor digitorum longus

153
Q

What are the 2 main movements of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extend the hip and flex the knee

154
Q

Which ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

155
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

156
Q

What is the primary movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion of the foot

157
Q
A

Extensory digitorum longus

(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)

Tib ant

EHL

Ant tib artery

Deep peroneal nerve

EDL

Fibularis tertius

158
Q
A

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

159
Q
A

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve

160
Q
A

Medial patellar retinaculum

161
Q

Which way is anterior?

A

Up

162
Q
A

Iliofemural ligament

163
Q
A

Gastrocnemius

164
Q

Which bone is the yellow one?

A

Ilium

165
Q
A

ACL

166
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament also known as?

A

Fibular collateral ligament

167
Q

Which movements is gluteus maximus responsible for?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the hip

168
Q
A

Sciatic nerve

169
Q

Which compartment of the thigh does the femoral nerve travel in?

A

Anterior

170
Q

Which bone is the blue one?

A

Ischium

171
Q
A

Lesser trochanter

172
Q

Which 3 bones make up the hip ?

A

Ileum, ischium and pubis

173
Q

Which nerves contribute to the sural nerve?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

174
Q
A

Lateral plantar nerve

175
Q
A

Pes anserinus

176
Q

How does the posteior tibial artery enter the foot?

A

Behind the medial malleolus

177
Q

The iliotibial tract is the shared tendon of which two muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

178
Q

What is the acronym for remembering the structures that pass through the extensor retinaculum?

A

Timothy has a nasty dirty toe

179
Q
A

Common fibular nerve

180
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

181
Q
A

Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve

182
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the common fibular nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve

183
Q

What are the two movement of the muscles of the lateral anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes

184
Q

Which bone is this?

A

Femur

185
Q

In which compartment does the posterior tibial artery run in?

A

Deep posterior of leg

186
Q

What is the predominant movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Evert the foot

187
Q
A

Flexor hallucis longus

188
Q

Where do all 4 of the quadriceps muscles insert into?

A

Tibial tuberosity

189
Q
A

Tibial nerve

190
Q
A

Soleus

191
Q

Which ligament resists valgus forces on the knee?

A

Medial collateral ligament

192
Q
A

Obturator nerve

193
Q
A

Extensor retinaculum

194
Q

Which artery is in the anterior comparment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

195
Q

Kicking someone on the lateral side of the knee produces what sort of force?

A

Valgus (L=L)

196
Q

What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the obturator nerve?

A

Inferomedial thigh (just above knee)

197
Q

In which compartmetn of the thigh does the femoral artery travel?

A

Anterior

198
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

After it passes through inguinal ligament

199
Q

Which muscles does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Adductor muscles and pectineus

200
Q
A

Pubofemural ligament

201
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the ilioinguinal nerve come from?

A

L1

202
Q
A

ACL

203
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?

A

Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and rectus femoris

204
Q

Which muscle is used by a soccer player taking a penalty kick?

A

Rectus femoris

205
Q

Which nerve travels under the cover of the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Sciatic nerve

206
Q

Which tendon is this?

A

Fibularis tertius

207
Q

What are the primary actions of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

208
Q

Nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

209
Q
A

Vastus lateralis

210
Q

Which muscles does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

A

Lateral compartment of leg

Fibularis longus and brevis

211
Q
A

Ischial spine

212
Q
A

Acetabular labrum

213
Q
A

Pubic tubercle

214
Q

What are the 3 pairs of structures that give most support to the knee?

A

Menesci, collateral ligaments and cruciate ligaments

215
Q
A

Popliteus

216
Q
A

Lesser trochanter

217
Q
A

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve

218
Q
A

Posterior cruciate ligament

219
Q

Which muscle is used when checking your shoe for dog poo?

A

Sartorius

220
Q
A

Superficial fibular nerve

221
Q

Which bone is the yellow one?

A

Ilium

222
Q

Which nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into at its terminal division?

A

Common fibular nerve and tibial nerve

223
Q

What are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

224
Q
A

Extensor digitorum longus

225
Q
A

Zona orbicularis

226
Q

Which artery does profunda femoris come from?

A

Femoral artery

227
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

After it passes through the adductor hiatus (the hole in adductor magnus)

228
Q
A

Fibularis longus

229
Q

Which nerves are blocked in a “3 in 1 block”?

A

Femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerves

230
Q
A

Pubic tubercle

231
Q

Which part of the head of femur does not articulate with the hip?

A

Fovea

232
Q

Which 2 muscles attach to the soleal line?

A

Soleus and popliteus

233
Q
A

Obturator nerve

234
Q

What do we call the socket for the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum

235
Q

What is the proper name for the big toe?

A

Hallux

236
Q

Which way is anterior?

A

Bottom of image

237
Q
A

Anterior superior iliac spine

238
Q
A

Psoas bursa

239
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

240
Q
A

Lateral patellar retinaculum

241
Q
A

Tibial nerve

242
Q
A

Fibularis brevis

243
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus arise?

A

The gluteal surface of the ilium and the posterior sacrum

244
Q

What are the muscle insertions of the pes anserinus?

A

Say Grace Before Tea Sartorius. Gracilis. Bursa. semi-Tendinosus

245
Q
A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

246
Q
A

Inferior fibular retinaculum

247
Q
A

Popliteus

248
Q

When the tibia is fixed, which direction will the femur rotate for the final 15 degrees of extension?

A

Medial rotation

249
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the iliohypogastricl nerve come from?

A

L1

250
Q
A

Acetabulum

251
Q

What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the superficial fibular nerve?

A

The lower lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

252
Q
A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

253
Q

Which compartment of the thigh does the obturator nerve travel in?

A

Medial

254
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

255
Q
A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

256
Q

Which malleolus of the ankle extends further inferiorly?

A

Lateral

257
Q
A

Extensory hallucis longus

(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)

Tib ant

EHL

Ant tib artery

Deep peroneal nerve

EDL

Fibularis tertius

258
Q

What are the shock absorbers of the knee?

A

Menisci

259
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

260
Q

Between which layers of the plantar aponeurosis does the neurovascular bundle pass?

A

1 and 2

261
Q

What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the deep fibular nerve?

A

The first toe cleft (between 1st and 2nd toes on dorsum of foot)

262
Q
A

Anterior cruciate ligament

263
Q
A

Medial malleolus

264
Q

When the femur rotates on the tibia, what do we call this locking in?

A

Screw home

265
Q

Which bone is the blue one?

A

Ischium

266
Q

What is the unhappy triad of knee injuries?

A

injury to ACL, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus

267
Q

Which muscle does the femoral artery perforate to get to the posterior knee?

A

Adductor magnus

268
Q

Which spinal nerve(s) does the femoral nerve come from?

A

L2,3,4

269
Q

In which compartment of the thigh does the sciatic nerve travel?

A

Posterior compartment

270
Q
A

Lateral condyle of femur

271
Q
A

Ischiofemoral ligament

272
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

273
Q
A

Vastus medialis

274
Q

Which bone of the tarsals does the tibia articulate with?

A

Talus

275
Q

Which is the largest of the tarsal bone?

A

Calcaneus

276
Q
A

Fibularis tertius

277
Q
A

Greater trochanter

278
Q
A

Soleus

279
Q
A

Obturator artery

280
Q
A

Lateral meniscus

281
Q
A

Obturator crest

282
Q

Which ventral rami typically give rise to the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

283
Q

Nerve?

A

Saphenous nerve

284
Q

In full extension of the knee, which ligaments are tight?

A

All of them

285
Q

Which ligament provides the axis of rotation for the knee?

A

ACL

286
Q

Where is the popliteal vein formed?

A

At the knee

287
Q
A

Posterior cruciate ligament

288
Q

Which is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

289
Q

What line runs along the back of the femur?

A

Linea aspera

290
Q
A

Genitofemoral nerve

291
Q

Which ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Nick's Anatomy (5 decks)

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