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Yr 2 - MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What muscles make up the superficial group of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus = inferior gluteal nerve

All others = superior gluteal nerve

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3
Q

What muscles make up the deep group of the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Gemelli

Quadratus femoris

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Nerves from sacral plexus

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5
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Tensor fascia latae

B - Gluteus medius

C - Quadratus femoris

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6
Q

Name A, B, C and D

A

A - Gluteus maximus

B - Obturator internus

C - Gemelli

D - Piriformis

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7
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Greater sciatic foramen

B - Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

Name A and B

A

A - Lesser sciatic foramen

B - Sacrospinous ligament

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9
Q

What does the pudendal nerve (S2-S4) supply?

A

Perineum

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10
Q

What is the principal nerve to supply the perineum?

A

Pudendal (S2-S4)

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11
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3) supply?

A

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, and upper medial thigh

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12
Q

What is the nerve to supply the skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, and upper medial thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)

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13
Q

What does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) supply?

A

Posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles, and most of skin via tibial and common fibular branches

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14
Q

What is the nerve supply to the posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles, and most of skin via tibial and common fibular branches?

A

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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15
Q

What artery supplies the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)?

A

Artery to the sciatic nerve

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16
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) seperate into the tibial nerve and common fibular?

A

Distal thigh

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17
Q

What does the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) seperate into?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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18
Q

What are the superior, medial, lateral, floor, and roof boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior - inguinal ligament

Medial - lateral border of adductor longus

Lateral - medial border of sartorius

Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus

Roof - deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Lymphatics

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20
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Fibula

B - Tibia

C - Superficial fascia

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21
Q

What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus

Iliosoas

Sartorius

(flexors of thigh)

Quadriceps femoris

(extensor of leg)

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Psoas major (L1, L2, L3)

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23
Q

Name A, B, and C

A

A - Ilipsoas

B - Pectineus

C - Sartorius

( + quadriceps femoralis = anterior compartment of thigh)

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24
Q

What muscles are contained in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

(adductors of thigh)

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25
What is the nerve supply to the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) Tibial nerve supplies harmstring part of adductor magnus
26
Name A, B, C, and D
A - Adductor brevis B - Adductor longus C - Adductor magnus D - Obturator externus ( + gracilis = muscles of medial compartment of the thigh)
27
What muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris (extensors of thigh and flexors of leg)
28
What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) Short head of biceps femoris supplied by common fibular division of sciatic
29
Name A, B, and C
A - Semitendenosus B - Semimembranosus C - Biceps femoris ( = muscles of posterior compartment of thigh)
30
What muscles are contained in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis tertius (dorsiflexors of ankle & extensors of toes)
31
What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
32
Name A, B, C, and D
A - Tibialis Anterior B - Extensor digitorum longus C - Extensor hallucis longus D - Fibularis tertius ( = muscles of anterior compartment of leg)
33
What muscles are contained in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Figularis longus Fibularis brevis (evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle)
34
What is the nerve supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
35
Name A and B
A - Fibularis longus B - Fibularis brevis ( = muscles of lateral compartment of leg)
36
What _superficial group_ muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris (plantarflexors of ankle)
37
What _deep group_ muscles are contained in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior (flexors of toes and plantarflexors of ankle)
38
What is the nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
39
Name A, B, C, and D
A - Lateral head of gastrocnemius B - Medial head of gastrocnemius C - Plantaris D - Soleus ( = superficial group of posterior compartment of leg)
40
Name A, B, C, and D
A - Popliteus B - Tibialis posterior C - Flexor digitorum longus D - Flexor hallucis longus ( = muscles of deep group of posterior compartment of leg)
41
What are the "ball" and "socket" of the hip joint called?
Ball = head of femur Socket - acetabulum of hip
42
What ligaments spiral from pelvis to femur to strengthen the hip joint capsule?
Iliofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament
43
What is the blood supply to the hip joint?
Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arterial (from deep femoral artery) Artery to head of femur (branch of obturator)
44
What are the articulations of the knee joint?
2 x femerotibial 1 x femeropatellar
45
Name A and B
A - Medial collateral ligament B - Patellar ligament
46
Name A
A - Lateral collateral ligament
47
Name A and B
A - Anterior cruciate B - Posterior cruciate
48
Name A and B
A - Lateral menisci B - Medial menisci
49
What are the superolateral, superomedial, inferior, and roof boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Superolateral = biceps femoris Superomedial = semimembranosus Inferior = gastrocnemius Roof = popliteal fascia
50
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Fat Terminal small saphenous vein Popliteal vessels Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve
51
Name A and B
A - Tibial nerve B - Common fibular nerve
52
Name A and B
A - Popliteal vessels B - Small saphenous vein
53
What do the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus make up together?
Calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon)
54
Where does the calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon) attach?
Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneus
55
What does the "ankle jerk" reflex normally resulting in plantarflexion test?
S1, S2 nerve roots
56
Name A and B
A - Calcaneal tendon (a.k.a. Achilles tendon) B - Calcaneal tuberosity
57
Where do the superficial lymphatics of the leg drain?
Follow saphenous veins to superficial inguinal lymph nodes Then external iliac lymph nodes
58
Where do the deep lymphatics of the leg drain?
Follow deep veins to deep inguinal lymph nodes Then to external iliac lymph nodes
59
Name the nerve supply to regions A, B, C, D, and E
A - Posterior rami (L1 - L3) B - Obturator nerve C - Common fibular nerve D - Superficial branch of common fibular nerve E - Deep branch of common fibular nerve
60
Name the nerve supply to regions A, B, C, D, E and F
A - Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh B - Femoral nerve C - Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh D - Femoral nerve (saphenous nerve) E - Tibial nerve (sural nerve) F - Tibial nerve
61
What nerves are important for bladder and bowel control?
Pudendal nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves
62
Name A through H
A - Posterior superior illiac spine B - Ilium C - Ischial spine D - Ischium E - Ischial tuberosity F - Subpubic angle G - Ischiopubic ramus H - Greater sciatic foramen
63
Name A, B, C, D, and E
A - Posterior sacroiliac ligament B - Sacrospinous ligament C - Lesser sciatic foramen D - Sacrotuberous ligament E - Obturator foramen
64
What arteries are susceptible to damage in intracapsular hip fractures?
Retinacular arteries
65
What does Trendelenburg's test or gait indicate?
Weakness in abductor muscles
66
What structure can be used as tendon graft for ACL reconstruction?
Semitendinosus muscle
67
What does the adductor hiatus transmit?
Femoral artery and vein from Hunter's canal into popliteal fossa Saphenous nerve
68
What does the medial collaterol ligament (MCL) resist?
Valgus stress
69
What does the anterior collaterol ligament (ACL) resist?
Internal rotation Anterior translation tibia
70
What does the posterior collateral ligament (PCL) resist?
Posterior translation tibia Anterior translation tibia
71
What does the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) resist?
Varus stress External rotation

Yr 2 - MSK Anatomy (3 decks)

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