Lower Limb Anatomy

Question 1

What is the hip joint actually called?

Answer 1

Acetabulo-femoral joint

Question 2

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 2

synovial - ball and socket

Question 3

What is the the primary blood supply to the head of the femur?

Answer 3

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 4

What is/could be damaged in femoral neck fractures?

Answer 4

Intracapsular retinacular arteries

Question 5

What type of joint does the knee exhibit?

Answer 5

modified synovial joint

• main movement is flexion/extension
• slight rotation

Question 6

What are the 3 articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 6

Medial tibiofemoral
Lateral tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

Question 7

What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the knee?

Answer 7

Patellar ligament
Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

Question 8

What are the 3 intra-articular ligaments of the knee?

Answer 8

Anterior cruciate (ACL)
Posterior cruciate (PCL)

Question 9

What is the role of the menisici ligaments?

Answer 9

crescent shaped fibrocartilage that surround and protect the condyles

Question 10

The nerves for which region enter via the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 10

the gluteal region

Question 11

The nerves for which region enter via the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 11

perineum

Question 12

What two ligaments join the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 12

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 13

What is the role of the Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)?

Answer 13

largest in body

supplies posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles & most of the skin via tibial and common fibular braches

Question 14

What is the role of the pudenual (S2,3,4) nerve?

Answer 14

Principal nerve to perineum

Question 15

What is the role of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (S1-S3)?

Answer 15

Skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

Question 16

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

Answer 16

ALL gluteal muscles bar gluteus maximus

Question 17

What nerve supplies the gluteus maximus?

Answer 17

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

What is a Trendelenberg Gait?

Answer 18

Reduced function of superior gluteal nerve function
Hip will drop on the contralateral side
Due to weak hip abduction by the gluteus medius

Question 19

What are the two portions of the Sciatic nerve?

Answer 19

Tibial nerve- larger, medial

Common fibular - smaller, lateral

Question 20

What is compartmental syndrome?

Answer 20

Increased pressure caused by swelling of tissue or increase in fluid (bleeding) in an inclosed fascia

Affects functions of the muscles or nerves in the compartment

Question 21

How is compartmental syndrome treated?

Answer 21

Fasciotomy (esp in acute)

Question 22

Name the muscles that work to flex the thigh?

Answer 22

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris

Question 23

Name the muscles that work to extend the leg?

Answer 23

Rectus femoris (main)
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

Question 24

Which nerve supplies the muscles that flex the thigh and extend the leg?

Answer 24

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

Question 25

Name, laterly to medially, the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 25

Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein LYmphatics NAVY

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 26

``` Superior – Inguinal ligament Medially – Lateral border of adductor longus Laterally – Medial border of sartorius Floor – Iliopsoas and pectineus Roof – Deep fascia (fascia lata) ```

Question 27

What muscles adduct the thigh?

Answer 27

``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus ```

Question 28

What nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh?

Answer 28

obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Question 29

What muscles extends the thigh and flexes the leg?

Answer 29

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris

Question 30

What nerve innervated the muscles that extend the thigh and flexes the leg?

Answer 30

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 31

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 31

tibial nerve

Question 32

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 32

superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 33

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 33

deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Question 34

What does the popliteal fossa contain?

Answer 34

Lots of fat Terminal small saphenous vein Popliteal vessels Tibial and common fibular nerves

Question 35

What is the Calcaneal Tendon?

Answer 35

Achilles tendon - strongest and thickest in the body

Question 36

What is the ankle jerk reflex?

Answer 36

normal result is plantarflexion | tests S1, S2 nerve roots