Lower limb muscles Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
Psoas major
A
- Origin - transverse processes of L1-L5
- Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
- Action - flexes thigh at hip
- Innervation - Anterior rami of L1-L3
2
Q
Iliacus
A
- Origin - iliac fossa
- Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
- Action - flexes thigh at hip
- Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
3
Q
Tensor fasciae latae
A
- Origin - ASIS and anterior portion of iliac crest
- Insertion - iliotibial tract (inserts onto lateral condyle of tibia)
- Action - flexes, abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Stabilises hip joint and extended knee
- Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L4 and L5)
4
Q
Sartorius
A
- Origin - ASIS
- Insertion - Superior portion of medial surface of tibial shaft
- Action - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh. Flexes leg at knee joint. Think of sitting cross-legged on floor.
- Innervation - femoral nerve (anterior rami of L2 and L3)
5
Q
Rectus femoris
A
- Origin - AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum (2 heads)
- Insertion - quadriceps tendon (inserts into base of patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
- Action - extends leg at knee joint
- Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
6
Q
Vastus lateralis
A
- Origin - greater trochanter of femur and lateral lip of linea aspera
- Insertion - lateral patella and tendon of rectus femoris
- Action - Extends leg at knee
- Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
7
Q
Vastus intermedius
A
- Origin - anterior and lateral aspects of femoral shaft
- Insertion - posterior surface of upper border of patella and forms part of quadriceps tendon
- Action - extends leg at knee
- Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
8
Q
Vastus medialis
A
- Insertion - intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
- Origin - medial border of quadriceps tendon and medial side of patella
- Action - extends leg at knee joint
- Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
9
Q
Pectineus
A
- Origin - pectineal line of pubic bone
- Insertion - pectineal line on posterior aspect of femur inferior to lesser trochanter
- Action - adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
- Innervation - femoral nerve (L2 and L3)
10
Q
Adductor longus
A
- Origin - body of pubic bone, just beneath pubic tubercle
- Insertion - linea aspera of femur
- Action - adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh
- Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
11
Q
Adductor brevis
A
- Origin - body and inferior ramus of pubis
- Insertion - pectineal line and proximal portion of linea aspera of femur
- Action - adducts thigh at hip joint, flexes and medially rotates thigh
- Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
12
Q
Obturator externus
A
- Origin - obturator foramen and obturator membrane
- Insertion - intertrochanteric fossa
- Action - laterally rotates thigh and steadies head of femur in acetabulum
- Innervation - obturator nerve (L3 and L4)
13
Q
Adductor magnus
A
- Origin - inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
- Insertion - linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor portion), adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring portion
- Action - adducts thigh at hip
- Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4 - adductor portion) and tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4 - hamstring portion)
14
Q
Gracilis
A
- Origin - body and inferior ramus of pubis
- Insertion - medial aspect of upper portion of tibia
- Action - adducts thigh, flexes leg at knee, medially rotates leg when knee is flexed
- Innervation - Obturator nerve
15
Q
What is the pes anserinus?
A
- Expanded insertion of sartorius, semitendinosus and gracilis
16
Q
Gluteus maximus
A
- Origin - gluteal surface of sacrum, ilium and coccyx
- Insertion - iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
- Action - powerful extensor and lateral rotator of thigh
- Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2)
17
Q
Gluteus medius
A
- Origin - gluteal surface of ilium
- Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
- Action - strong abductor and medial rotator of thigh at hip joint
- Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)
18
Q
Gluteus minimus
A
- Origin - gluteal surface of ilium
- Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
- Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh
- Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)
19
Q
Piriformis
A
- Origin - 2nd, 3rd, 4th sacral segments and sacrotuberous ligaments
- Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
- Action - abducts flexed thigh at hip and laterally rotates extended thigh
- Nerve to piriformis (anterior rami of S1 and S2)
20
Q
Gemelli
A
- Origin - spine of ischium (superior gemellus) and ischial tuberosity (inferior gemellus)
- Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
- Action - laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
- Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1, superior gemellus) and nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1, inferior gemellus)
21
Q
Obturator internus
A
- Origin - pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
- Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
- Action - laterally rotates extended thigh at hip joint and abducts flexed thigh at hip
- Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)
22
Q
Quadratus femoris
A
- Origin - lateral border of ischial tuberosity
- Insertion - quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
- Action - rotates thigh laterally
- Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)
23
Q
Semitendinosus
A
- Origin - ischial tuberosity
- Insertion - medial surface of tibia
- Action - flexes leg at knee, medially rotates flexed leg and extends thigh at hip joint
- Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
24
Q
Semimembranosus
A
- Origin - ischial tuberosity
- Insertion - medial condyle of tibia
- Action - flexes leg at knee, medially rotates flexed leg, and extends thigh at hip joint
- Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
25
Biceps femoris
- Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line (short head)
- Insertion - lateral side of head of fibula
- Action - flexes leg at knee, laterally rotates flexed leg, extends thigh at hip
- Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2 - long head) and common fibular division (L5, S1, S2 - short head)
26
Fibularis longus
- Origin - superior and lateral surface of fibula and lateral tibial condyle
- Insertion - base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone
- Action - everts foot and is a weak plantarflexor
- Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
27
Fibularis brevis
- Origin - distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibular shaft
- Insertion - tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
- Action - everts foot and acts as a weak plantarflexor
- Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
28
Tibialis anterior
- Origin - lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia and interosseus membrane
- Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
- Action - dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot
- Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L4 and L5)
29
Extensor hallucis longus
- Origin - medial surface of fibular shaft and interosseus membrane
- Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe
- Action - extends big toe and dorsiflexes foot
- Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1)
30
Extensor digitorum longus
- Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, medial surface of fibula and interosseus membrane
- Insertion - divides into 4 tendons that insert onto middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
- Action - extends proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexes foot
- Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1)
31
Gastrocnemius
- Origin - lateral head arises from lateral femoral condyle and medial head arises from medial femoral condyle
- Insertion - 2 heads combine to form a single muscle belly and converge with soleus to form calcaneal tendon. This inserts onto calcaneus.
- Action - plantarflexes foot, flexes leg at knee and raises heel during walking
- Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
32
Soleus
- Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula
- Insertion - combines with gastrocnemius to form calcaneal tendon. This then inserts onto calcaneus.
- Action - plantarflexes foot at ankle, important postural muscle
- Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
33
Plantaris
- Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur
- Insertion - blends with calcaneal tendon and inserts onto calcaneus
- Action - assists in plantarflexion of foot and flexion of leg
- Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
34
Popliteus muscle
- Origin - lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee joint
- Insertion - posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
- Action - lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia. This ‘unlocks’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
- Innervation - tibial nerve (L4, L5 and S1)
35
Flexor hallucis longus
- Origin - Posterior surface of fibula
- Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe
- Action - flexes distal phalanx of big toe, plantarflexes foot at ankle, helps propel foot during walking or running
- Innervation - Tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
36
Flexor digitorum longus
- Origin - medial surface of tibia
- Insertion - base of distal phalanx of each of the lateral 4 digits
- Action - flexes lateral 4 toes and assists in plantarflexion of ankle and inversion of midfoot
- Innervation - tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
37
Tibialis posterior
- Origin - posterior surface of interosseus membrane
- Insertion - plantar surface of navicular and medial cuneiform bones
- Action - inverts and plantarflexes foot and maintains medial arch of foot
- Innervation - tibial nerve (L4 and L5)
