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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > Lower Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Limb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lower limb made up of?

A

Gluteal muscles
Quadriceps
Hamstrings

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2
Q

What muscles make up the flexion of the hip?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
    2.Rectus Formis
    3.Sartorius
    4.Pectineus
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3
Q

What muscles make up the extension of the hip?

A

1.Gluteus Maximus
2.Hamstrings

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4
Q

What muscles make up the abduction of the hip?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Maximus
  3. Piriformis
  4. Tensor Fascia Latae
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5
Q

What muscles make up the adduction of the hip?

A
  1. Adductors Longus
  2. Brevis and Magnus
  3. Pectineus and Gracilis
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6
Q

What muscles make up the lateral rotation of the hip?

A
  1. Gluteal Maximus
  2. Piriformis
  3. Obturators
  4. Gemilli
  5. Quadratus Femoris
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7
Q

What muscles make up the medial rotation of the hip?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius
  2. Gluteus Minimus
  3. Gracilis
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8
Q

What three muscles are the gluteals made up of?

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Gluteus Medius
  3. Gluteus Minimus
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9
Q

What is the strongest hip extensor?

A

The gluteal muscles

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10
Q

What do the gluteal muscles do?

A

Keeps pelvis (centred) upright over the hips

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11
Q

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

A
  1. Hip extension
  2. Hip external rotation
  3. Hip abduction (superior)
  4. Hip adduction (inferior)
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12
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A

Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
Gluteal surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line)

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13
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Gluteal tuberosity of femur

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14
Q

What is the action of the gluteal medias?

A
  1. Hip abduction
  2. Hip internal rotation (anterior)
  3. Pelvis stabilisation
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15
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteal medias?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteal medias?

A

Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

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17
Q

What is the action of the gluteal minimus?

A
  1. Hip abduction
  2. Hip internal rotation (anterior)
  3. Pelvis stabilisation
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18
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteal minimus?

A

Gluteal surface of ilium

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19
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteal minimus?

A

Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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20
Q

What kind of joint is the knee?

A

A hinge modified joint

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21
Q

What does the knee joint allow?

A

Flexion and extension

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22
Q

When does the knee joint allow rotation?

A

When the knee is flexed

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23
Q

Which four movements does the knee allow?

A
  1. Extension
  2. Flexion
  3. Lateral Rotation
  4. Medial Rotation
24
Q

Which muscles make up extension of the leg?

A

Quadriceps Femoris which inserts into the tibial tuberosity

25
Q

Which muscles make up flexion of the leg?

A

Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus

26
Q

Which muscle makes up the lateral rotation of the leg?

A

Bicep Femoris

27
Q

Which muscles make up the medial rotation of the leg?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus

28
Q

Where is the quadricep femoris found?

A

On the front of the thigh

29
Q

What is the quadricep femoris?

A

A large muscle group made up of four muscles

30
Q

What are the four muscles found in the quadricep femoris?

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus Medialis
  4. Vastus Intermedius
31
Q

Where is the rectus femoris found?

A

Middle of the thigh and it covers most of the other 3 quadricep muscles.

32
Q

Where is the vastus lateralis found?

A

Lateral side of the femur.

33
Q

Where is the vastus medialis found?

A

Medial side of the femur.

34
Q

Where is the vastus intermedius found?

A

Between the lateralis and medialis on front of the femur but deep to the rectus femoris.

35
Q

What is the action of the rectus formis?

A

Knee extension
Hip flexion

36
Q

Where is the origin of the rectus formis?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

37
Q

Where is the insertion of the rectus formis?

A

Superior aspect of patella and patella tendon to tibial tuberosity.

38
Q

What is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

Knee extension

39
Q

Where is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A

Anterior and Interior borders of greater trochanter
Gluteal tuberosity
Linea aspera of femur

40
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

Lateral border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity

41
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

Knee extension

42
Q

Where is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A

Linea aspera of femur

43
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

Medial border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity

44
Q

Where are the hamstrings found?

A

Posterior side of the thigh

45
Q

What are the hamstrings made up of?

A

1.Bicep femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus

46
Q

What do the hamstrings do?

A

Flex the knee joint
Extend the hip joint

47
Q

What are the hamstring muscles crucial for?

A

Upright standing, walking and running

48
Q

What is the action of the bicep femoris?

A

Flexes knee
Extends hip
Leg lateral rotation

49
Q

Where is the origin of the bicep femoris?

A

Long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - lower half of linea aspera of the femur

50
Q

Where is the insertion of the bicep femoris?

A

Head of fibula

51
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

Flexes knee
Extends hip
Leg medial rotation

52
Q

Where is the origin of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity common with bicep femoris

53
Q

Where is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

A

Medial aspect of tibia

54
Q

What is the action of the semimembranosus?

A

Flexes knee
Extends hip
Leg medial rotation

55
Q

Where is the origin of the semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity, deep to semitendinosus

56
Q

Where is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

Medial tibial condyle

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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