Lower Limb Muscles

Question 1

What is the innervation of the iliopsoas, psoas major and minor muscles?

Answer 1

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves

Question 2

What is the primary innervation to the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 2

Femoral nerve, L2-4

Question 3

What are the actions of the Pectineus?

Answer 3

Adduction
Flexion
Medial rotation

Question 4

What are the actions of the psoas muscles?

Answer 4

Flexion

Stabilisation of the hip

Question 5

What is the action of the iliacus?

Answer 5

Flexion

Question 6

What are the actions of the sartorius?

Answer 6

Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation

Flexes leg

Question 7

What are the actions of the quadriceps muscles?

Answer 7

Extend leg
Steady hip
Flexion of thigh

Question 8

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 8

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Psoas major and minor
Iliacus 
Sartorius 
Rectus femoris 
Vastus lateralis, intermedius and medialis

Question 9

What is the primary nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles and what is the exception?

Answer 9

Obturator, L2-4

Hamstring part of adductor Magnus- tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Question 10

What are the actions of the adductor longus?

Answer 10

Adduction

Question 11

What are the actions of adductor brevis?

Answer 11

Adduction

Flexion

Question 12

What are the actions of adductor Magnus?

Answer 12

Adduction
Flexion

Hamstring part: extension

Question 13

What are the actions of the gracilis muscle?

Answer 13

Adduction
Flexes leg
Rotates leg medially

Question 14

What are the actions of obturator externus?

Answer 14

Lateral rotation

Question 15

Name the muscles of the gluteal region.

Answer 15

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 16

What is the innervation of the glutes?

Answer 16

Glut. maximus- inferior gluteal nerve, S1/2

Glut. medius/minimus- superior gluteal nerve, L5/S1

Question 17

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

Answer 17

Anterior rami, S1/2

Question 18

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

Answer 18

Nerve to obturator internus, L5/S1

Question 19

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 19

Nerve to quadratus femoris, L5/S1

Question 20

What is the innervation to the gemelli?

Answer 20

Superior- nerve to obturator internus

Inferior- nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 21

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

Answer 21

Extension

Lateral rotation

Question 22

What is the action of the glutes. Med/minimus and the tensor fascia latae?

Answer 22

Abduction
Medial rotation
Stabilisation of the pelvis when weight bearing

Question 23

What are the actions of the piriformis, obturator internus and gemelli?

Answer 23

Lateral rotation of extended thigh

Abduction of flexed thigh

Question 24

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 24

Lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 25

What are the hamstring muscles? (Posterior thigh)

Answer 25

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 26

What is the innervation of the hamstrings?

Answer 26

Tibial division of sciatic nerve, L5+S1/2 | Short head of biceps- fibular nerve

Question 27

What is the action of the semitendinosus/Semimembranosus?

Answer 27

Extension Medial rotation Flexion of leg

Question 28

What is the action of biceps femoris?

Answer 28

Extension of thigh Flexion of leg Lateral rotation of leg

Question 29

What are the muscles of the anterolateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 29

Anterior- tibial is anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucinating longus (fibular is tertius) Lateral- fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

Question 30

What nerve innervates the anterolateral compartment?

Answer 30

Anterior- deep fibular, L4/5 | Lateral- superficial fibular, L5/S1

Question 31

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 31

Dorsiflexion | Inversion

Question 32

What is the action of the EDL?

Answer 32

Dorsiflexion | Extension of lateral four digits

Question 33

What is the action of the EHL?

Answer 33

Dorsiflexion | Extension of great toe

Question 34

What is the action of the fibularis brevis/longus muscles?

Answer 34

Plantarflexion | Eversion

Question 35

What are the muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 35

``` Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Popliteus Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior ```

Question 36

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 36

Tibial nerve, L4-S3

Question 37

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

Answer 37

Flexion at knee | Plantarflexion

Question 38

What is the action of the soleus?

Answer 38

Plantarflexes

Question 39

What is the action of plantaris?

Answer 39

Assists gastrocnemius

Question 40

What is the action of the popliteus?

Answer 40

Flexes and unlocks knee | Medially rotates tibia

Question 41

What is the action of FHL?

Answer 41

Flexes great toe | Weakly Plantarflexes

Question 42

What are the actions of FDL?

Answer 42

Flexes lateral four digits | Weakly Plantarflexes

Question 43

What are the actions of tibialis posterior?

Answer 43

Plantarflexion | Inversion

Question 44

Name the muscles of the anterior thigh (*including quadriceps).

Answer 44

``` Pectineus Iliopsoas Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus Sartorius Rectus femoris* Vastus lateralis* Vastus intermedius* Vastus lateralis* ```